本文通过对中国和俄罗斯在向市场经济转型过程中政府（主要指中央政府）地位作用的比较，分析了政府的权威性这个既具有理论意义、又在两国改革过程中随处可觉察到的实践问题。在比较分析的基础上，提出并论证了：政府的政治权威性来源于经济上的权威性，而政治权威性又是保证政府宏观经济调控有效性的有利条件。 By comparing the role of the government (mainly the central government) between China and Russia in their transition to a market economy, this paper analyzes the authoritativeness of the government, a practice that is both theoretically meaningful and observable in the process of the reform of both countries problem. On the basis of comparative analysis, it puts forward and argues that the political authority of the government comes from the economic authority, and the political authority is the favorable condition to ensure the effectiveness of the government’s macroeconomic regulation and control.