论文部分内容阅读
These Bolivian women have years of experience[sic] of knitting woollen hats， sweaters， blankets， and now hi-tech medical products. At this clinic in the capital， La Paz， the women are part of the production of the small devices which can save the lives of hundreds of children with 1）congenital heart defects. They were created by a Bolivian doctor to correct small heart problems without doing open heart surgery， which can be expensive. Dr. Franz Freudenthal has successfully operated on hundreds of children and now exports his new inventions all over the world.
Dr. Freudenthal： The reason why we do it is because we need to do it， because we don’t want to see that those patients die， and we take everything what was on hand， and the most important thing is that we try to get really， really simple solution [sic] for complex problems.
The problem the device seems to fix is a hole in the heart， one which normally corrects itself soon after birth. The device is made of a complex fabric similar to that used in other medical products. But what is new
is that it’s made of a superelastic metal called “2） Nitinol.” It can memorize its own shape. It can be contracted or folded whilst traveling from the 3）groin to the heart through a 4）catheter， and then expanded when it arrives at its final destination， the heart. Recovering its original shape， it then blocks the 5） ductus or hole that causes the problem， and they stay there without the need to be changed or renewed.
People who live with congenital heart problems struggle to gain weight and are easily fatigue [sic]. It’s believed that these kind of problems are ten times more frequent here than in other countries， and it’s specially common among children， like 6-years-old [sic] Cynthia， who was operated [on] three years ago. The blood， that was supposed to go to the whole body to supply oxygen and nutrients， used to escape through a vessel called the ductus before it was stopped by one of these devices.
Cynthia’s Mother： （via translator） She couldn’t even walk one block. She used to tell me she was too tired. She used to go purple when crying. She almost fainted. That’s how I realize [sic] she had a problem. Now she’s normal. She can run and play.
Bolivia has one of the highest children [sic] mortality rates in the world， but it lacks a state-run program to treat these kind of congenital heart malfunctions [sic]. At least for these patients， the answer to their problem is in the hands of these skilled women.
这些玻利维亚妇女有多年编织毛线织物的经验，她们织帽子、毛衣、毯子，现在她们还编织高科技的医疗器械。在玻利维亚首都拉巴斯的这家诊所里，这些妇女参与制作一种小型器械，这种器械可以挽救数以百计先天性心脏病患儿的生命。此器械由一名玻利维亚医生发明，用于修复轻微的心脏缺陷，而无需做昂贵的开胸手术。弗朗兹·弗洛伊登塔尔医生已经成功地为数百名儿童放置了此器械，现在还要将他的新发明推广到世界各地。
弗洛伊登塔尔医生：我们这样做，是因为我们需要这样做，因为我们不想看着那些病人死去，我们利用一切可利用的条件，最重要的是我们尝试用非常、非常简单的方法去解决复杂的问题。
该器械要解决的问题是心脏的一个孔洞，该孔洞通常在孩子出生后不久就会自行修复。器械用复合纤维制成，类似于其他医疗设备上使用的制作材料，但不同的是，该纤维由一种叫“镍钛合金”的超弹性金属制成。它能记住自己的形状。在通过一条导管从腹股沟被送往心脏时，它可以收缩或折叠，等到达目的地心脏后，它就会张开。在恢复原来的形状后，它就可以阻断导致问题出现的导管或孔洞，并且一直留在那里，不需要改换或更新。
患有先天性心脏病的人想要增加体重非常困难，还容易感到疲劳。人们相信此类心脏病在这里的发病率比其他国家高十倍，在儿童中尤其常见。六岁的辛西娅就是其中的一例。她的心脏三年前就放置了这种器械。手术前，她身上本来应该向全身输送氧气及营养的血液会跑到动脉导管里去。植入的器械阻断了这条导管。
辛西娅的母亲：（通过翻译）以前她甚至走不了一个街区那么短的路，她常跟我说她很累，她哭的时候，会脸色发紫，几乎晕倒。我这才意识到她身体有问题。现在，她没事了，她可以尽情奔跑和玩耍。
玻利维亚是世界上儿童死亡率最高的一个国家，但缺乏治疗这种先天性心脏功能障碍的国家级方案。而对于这些患者来说，这些妇女编织技能娴熟的巧手至少让他们看到了解决问题的希望。
动脉导管未闭
动脉导管未闭，又名：开放性动脉导管（patent ductus arteriosus）。动脉导管是在主动脉与肺动脉之间相连的管道，在胎儿时期，胎儿循环系统依赖其存在，在出生后应自然闭合，如未能闭合，则会留下一个主动脉与肺动脉之间的通道，称动脉导管末闭。动脉导管未闭是小儿先天性心脏病常见类型之一。常见的症状有劳累后心悸、气急、乏力，易患呼吸道感染和生长发育迟缓；重者可发生心力衰竭。
Dr. Freudenthal： The reason why we do it is because we need to do it， because we don’t want to see that those patients die， and we take everything what was on hand， and the most important thing is that we try to get really， really simple solution [sic] for complex problems.
The problem the device seems to fix is a hole in the heart， one which normally corrects itself soon after birth. The device is made of a complex fabric similar to that used in other medical products. But what is new
is that it’s made of a superelastic metal called “2） Nitinol.” It can memorize its own shape. It can be contracted or folded whilst traveling from the 3）groin to the heart through a 4）catheter， and then expanded when it arrives at its final destination， the heart. Recovering its original shape， it then blocks the 5） ductus or hole that causes the problem， and they stay there without the need to be changed or renewed.
People who live with congenital heart problems struggle to gain weight and are easily fatigue [sic]. It’s believed that these kind of problems are ten times more frequent here than in other countries， and it’s specially common among children， like 6-years-old [sic] Cynthia， who was operated [on] three years ago. The blood， that was supposed to go to the whole body to supply oxygen and nutrients， used to escape through a vessel called the ductus before it was stopped by one of these devices.
Cynthia’s Mother： （via translator） She couldn’t even walk one block. She used to tell me she was too tired. She used to go purple when crying. She almost fainted. That’s how I realize [sic] she had a problem. Now she’s normal. She can run and play.
Bolivia has one of the highest children [sic] mortality rates in the world， but it lacks a state-run program to treat these kind of congenital heart malfunctions [sic]. At least for these patients， the answer to their problem is in the hands of these skilled women.
这些玻利维亚妇女有多年编织毛线织物的经验，她们织帽子、毛衣、毯子，现在她们还编织高科技的医疗器械。在玻利维亚首都拉巴斯的这家诊所里，这些妇女参与制作一种小型器械，这种器械可以挽救数以百计先天性心脏病患儿的生命。此器械由一名玻利维亚医生发明，用于修复轻微的心脏缺陷，而无需做昂贵的开胸手术。弗朗兹·弗洛伊登塔尔医生已经成功地为数百名儿童放置了此器械，现在还要将他的新发明推广到世界各地。
弗洛伊登塔尔医生：我们这样做，是因为我们需要这样做，因为我们不想看着那些病人死去，我们利用一切可利用的条件，最重要的是我们尝试用非常、非常简单的方法去解决复杂的问题。
该器械要解决的问题是心脏的一个孔洞，该孔洞通常在孩子出生后不久就会自行修复。器械用复合纤维制成，类似于其他医疗设备上使用的制作材料，但不同的是，该纤维由一种叫“镍钛合金”的超弹性金属制成。它能记住自己的形状。在通过一条导管从腹股沟被送往心脏时，它可以收缩或折叠，等到达目的地心脏后，它就会张开。在恢复原来的形状后，它就可以阻断导致问题出现的导管或孔洞，并且一直留在那里，不需要改换或更新。
患有先天性心脏病的人想要增加体重非常困难，还容易感到疲劳。人们相信此类心脏病在这里的发病率比其他国家高十倍，在儿童中尤其常见。六岁的辛西娅就是其中的一例。她的心脏三年前就放置了这种器械。手术前，她身上本来应该向全身输送氧气及营养的血液会跑到动脉导管里去。植入的器械阻断了这条导管。
辛西娅的母亲：（通过翻译）以前她甚至走不了一个街区那么短的路，她常跟我说她很累，她哭的时候，会脸色发紫，几乎晕倒。我这才意识到她身体有问题。现在，她没事了，她可以尽情奔跑和玩耍。
玻利维亚是世界上儿童死亡率最高的一个国家，但缺乏治疗这种先天性心脏功能障碍的国家级方案。而对于这些患者来说，这些妇女编织技能娴熟的巧手至少让他们看到了解决问题的希望。
动脉导管未闭
动脉导管未闭，又名：开放性动脉导管（patent ductus arteriosus）。动脉导管是在主动脉与肺动脉之间相连的管道，在胎儿时期，胎儿循环系统依赖其存在，在出生后应自然闭合，如未能闭合，则会留下一个主动脉与肺动脉之间的通道，称动脉导管末闭。动脉导管未闭是小儿先天性心脏病常见类型之一。常见的症状有劳累后心悸、气急、乏力，易患呼吸道感染和生长发育迟缓；重者可发生心力衰竭。