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在美国,集团诉讼是颇受争议的诉讼机制。在集团诉讼中,由于法律选择问题的复杂性,往往导致根据州法进行集团诉讼受阻。集团诉讼案件的处理究竟是应该依据统一的法律选择规则,由单一的实体法支配,还是应该采用分割方法或适用不同州的法律作为准据法,美国学者对此观点不一,实践中的操作也存在差异。美国国会2005年通过的《集团诉讼公平法》将极大地扭转此前美国联邦法院拒绝授予集团诉讼资格的趋势,并对集团诉讼中的法律适用问题产生深远的影响。
Group litigation is a controversial litigation mechanism in the United States. In class actions, the complexity of the legal choice often results in the blocking of class actions under state law. Whether the group litigation should be dealt with should be decided by a single substantive law according to a unified law or whether it should adopt the method of division or the law of different states as the law of conformity. The American scholars disagree on this point and the practice in practice There are also differences. The “Group Law Fairness Law” adopted by the U.S. Congress in 2005 will greatly reverse the tendency of the U.S. federal courts to refuse to grant group litigation and have a profound impact on the legal application of group litigation.