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污损生物是影响贝类养殖业生产效率的重要因素。附着在养殖生物贝壳上的污损生物影响养殖生物的生长和存活。大部分污损生物是滤食性捕食者,这些污损生物附着在养殖生物贝壳上竞争食物与空间导致贝类生长速度减慢。本实验主要研究有污损生物附着的扇贝及没有污损附着的扇贝在摄食及排泄上的差异,用以说明污损生物对养殖生物摄食及排泄的影响。本研究对chlorophyll a和TPM的吸收速率进行了测定,对NH4-N,NO2-N,NO3-N,PO4-P的排泄速率进行了测定,对摄食的浮游植物进行了种类鉴定。研究结果表明,有污损生物附着的扇贝及没有污损附着的扇贝在对浮游植物及颗粒物的吸收速率上存在明显差异(P<0.001)。在氨及亚硝态氮排泄速率上也存在明显差异(P<0.001)。两者吸收NO3-N,且吸收速率无差异。通过对摄食的浮游植物种类的鉴定表明,有污损生物附着的扇贝摄食的浮游植物种类要高于没有污损附着的扇贝,且摄食种类有重叠。对同一类的某些浮游植物,有污损生物附着的扇贝的摄食要高于干净扇贝。本研究结果表明,污损生物对浮游植物的摄食及水中氨氮浓度的提高贡献很大,与养殖生物之间存在食物竞争。
Fouling organisms affect the production efficiency of shellfish farming an important factor. Fouling organisms attached to cultured biological shells affect the growth and survival of cultured organisms. Most of the fouling organisms are filter feeders, and these fouling organisms attach to the cultured shellfish to compete for food and space, resulting in slower shellfish growth. In this experiment, we mainly studied the difference in food intake and excretion between scallops attached to fouling organisms and scallops attached without fouling to illustrate the influence of fouling organisms on feeding and excretion of cultured organisms. In this study, the absorption rates of chlorophyll a and TPM were determined, and the excretion rates of NH4-N, NO2-N, NO3-N and PO4-P were determined. Species of phytoplankton were identified. The results showed that there was a significant difference (P <0.001) in the uptake rate of phytoplankton and particulate matter between scallops with fouling organisms and scallops without fouling attachment. There was also a significant difference in ammonia and nitrite nitrogen excretion rate (P <0.001). Both absorbed NO3-N, and no difference in absorption rate. The identification of phytoplankton species indicated that the species of phytoplankton fed by fouling organisms had higher phytoplankton species than the non-fouling scallops and had overlapped feeding patterns. For some phytoplankton of the same type, scallops with fouling organisms feed more than clean scallops. The results of this study show that fouling organisms contribute greatly to the feeding of phytoplankton and the increase of ammonia nitrogen concentration in water, and there is food competition with the cultured organisms.