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当前企业集群产生的巨大经济效益吸引人们对其的研究方兴未艾。本文介绍了企业集群的生态学研究进展,比较了企业集群行为与生物群聚行为的相似性,如聚集、竞争与合作并存、互惠互利,分析了企业集群的优势,如通过分工获得比较优势、降低交易费用、产生市场的集聚效应、相互学习的协同效应。比较了企业集群与生物群落的相似性,得出企业集群是由企业构成的比生物群落更加复杂的生态系统的结论,为生态学理论在企业集群研究上的应用提供了依据。
The enormous economic benefits of current enterprise clusters attract people’s research on it in the ascendant. This paper introduces the research progress of the ecology of the enterprise cluster, compares the similarities between the behavior of the enterprise cluster and the behavior of the biocluster, such as the coexistence of aggregation, competition and cooperation, mutual benefit, the advantages of the enterprise cluster, such as gaining comparative advantage through division of labor, Reduce transaction costs, resulting in market agglomeration effect, mutual learning synergies. By comparing the similarities between business clusters and biomes, it is concluded that business clusters are more complex ecosystems than business communities, and provide a basis for the application of ecological theory in the study of business clusters.