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水土流失是个世界范围的严重环境问题,比如由于丰沛的降雨和陡坡耕作,造成的中国西南部偏僻山区的坡耕地水土流失。这些区域采取了多种保持土壤措施减少土壤流失,可当地农民并不接受引进的等高植物篱措施;而植物固结地埂是一项传统的且当地农民乐意接受的水土保持措施。本文比较了等高植物篱和植物固结地埂的结构,设置3种植物固结地埂高度0(CK)、10 cm(H10H)、和15 cm(H15H),分析了等高植物篱(H0H)和上述3种地埂高度的植物固结地埂对径流、侵蚀量的影响及产投比和经济效益,旨在理解当地农民的选择。研究结果显示最明显的区别是植物固结地埂具有一定高度的地埂能够方便农事活动并且有效减少水土流失。植物固结地埂的第2个处理(H15H)比无地埂无植物篱的坡耕地处理(CK)减少径流55.56%±6.25%,减少侵蚀量79.26%±3.50%。不同处理的径流量、土壤侵蚀减少量和土壤抗蚀性变化顺序为:H15H>H10H>H0H>CK。H15H的产投比最高为1.52.与其他试验处理相比,虽然H15H措施需要的劳动力更多,但它具有较高的植物篱收获量和产投比以及较强的抗冲蚀性。因此,西南地区坡耕地上推荐具有15 cm地埂高度的植物固结地埂措施(H15H),甚至该项水土保持措施可适用于与西南地区气候相似的其它区域或是其它国家。
Soil and water loss is a worldwide serious environmental problem, such as soil erosion due to abundant rainfall and steep slope cultivation in sloping fields in remote mountainous areas in southwestern China. In these areas, a variety of soil conservation measures have been taken to reduce soil erosion and contour hedgerows, which are not accepted by local farmers, are the traditional methods of soil and water conservation that are acceptable to local farmers. In this paper, we compared the structure of contour hedgerows and plant ridges, and set up three plantation ridges height 0 (CK), 10 cm (H10H), and 15 cm (H15H) H0H) and the above three kinds of ground 埂 height of the plant consolidation 埂 on runoff, erosion and the impact of production and investment ratio and economic benefits, to understand the choice of local farmers. The results show that the most obvious difference is that plants with a certain height of land consolidation can facilitate agricultural activities and effectively reduce soil erosion. The second treatment (H15H) of plant consolidation 减 reduced 55.56% ± 6.25% of the runoff and reduced 79.26% ± 3.50% of the erosion rate compared with the no-hedgerow slope cultivation (CK). The order of variation of runoff, soil erosion reduction and soil resistance of different treatments was: H15H> H10H> H0H> CK. H15H has the highest production-to-output ratio of 1.52. Although H15H requires more labor than other experimental treatments, it has higher hedgerow yield, production-to-output ratio and better erosion resistance. Therefore, plant consolidation measures (H15H) with a height of 15 cm are recommended on sloping fields in the southwest of China. Even the soil and water conservation measures can be applied to other regions with similar climate in the southwest region or other countries.