一、前言我们的智能是否能够理解并创造智能?这是“人工智能”这一学科所要解决的问题。千百年来这个问题一直吸引着求知的人们,但只是到了今天才有可能认真地进行讨论并逐步求得解决。技术的进步再一次激起了对创造智能的热情,人工智能成了电影、文学作品以及日常议论的主题之一,大量的科学技术人员已投入到这一研究工作领域,更多的人即将参加进来。仅美国就有一百多所大学开设了人工智能的课程,一些有名的大学(如麻省理工学院、斯坦福大学等)还设有专门的人工智能实验室。人工智能的国际会议从69年开始,每两年召开一次,77年召开的第五届国际会议的参加人数达到了一千人。出版了专门的杂志和书籍,已经发表的论文就有几千篇。在这短短的一、二十年中,人工智能的研究工作迅速发展,取得了不少令人兴奋的成就:计算机战胜了跳棋冠军;计算机通过学习逐步提高了识别图象的 I. INTRODUCTION Can our intelligence understand and create intelligence? This is a problem to be solved by the discipline of “artificial intelligence.” For thousands of years, this issue has always attracted people who seek knowledge, but it is only up to today that it is possible to seriously discuss and gradually seek solutions. Technological advances once again aroused enthusiasm for the creation of intelligence, artificial intelligence has become the theme of films, literary works and daily discussion, a large number of scientific and technical personnel have been put into the field of research, more people are about to participate Come in. There are more than 100 universities in the United States offering artificial intelligence courses. Some famous universities (such as MIT and Stanford University) also have specialized artificial intelligence laboratories. The International Conference on Artificial Intelligence has been held every two years since 69 and the number of participants in the fifth International Conference in 1977 has reached 1,000. Published special magazines and books, there have been published papers have thousands. In just one or two decades, the research on artificial intelligence has been developing rapidly with many exciting achievements: the computer defeated the champion of checkers; and the computer gradually increased the number of recognizable images