导学3(Units 5—6)

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  Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?
  重点词汇
  1. heavily adv. 在很大程度上;大量地
  It was raining heavily.
  雨下得很大。
  2. suddenly adv. 突然;忽然
  When the rainstorm suddenly came, what were you doing?
  当暴风雨突然到来的时候,你在做什么呢?
  3. strange adj. 奇特的;奇怪的
  There was something strange about the flickering blue light.
  闪烁的蓝光有点怪异。
  stranger n. 陌生人
  There was a stranger sitting at my desk.
  我书桌前坐着一个陌生人。
  4. report v. & n. 报道;公布
  I reported the theft to the police.
  我向警方报告了这起盗窃案。
  5. area n. 地域;地区
  The news on TV reported that a heavy rainstorm was in the area.
  电视新闻报道这个地区有一场大暴风雨。
  6. match n. 火柴
  She put some candles and matches on the table.
  她放了一些蜡烛和火柴在桌子上。
  match n. 比赛
  I wonder who will play in the basketball match.
  我想知道这场篮球赛谁会上场。
  7. beat v. 敲打;打败
  The rain was beating on the windows.
  雨点拍打着窗户。
  8. against prep. 倚;碰;撞
  The rain began to beat heavily against the windows.
  雨水开始猛烈地敲打窗户。
  9. asleep adj. 睡着
  He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 am.
  大约在凌晨三点钟当风逐渐变小的时候,他终于入睡了。
  fall asleep = be asleep 进入梦乡;入睡
  Don’t talk loudly. Your grandmother is asleep.
  不要高声喧哗。你的奶奶在睡觉。
  10. rise v. & n. 升起;增加;提高
  When he woke up, the sun was rising.
  当他醒来时,太阳已经升起来了。
  11. realize v. 理解;领会;认识到
  He didn’t realize the importance of English.
  他没有认识到英语的重要性。
  12. silence n. 沉默;缄默;无声
  He never lets those long silences develop during dinner.
  他从不会让晚餐时出现长时间的沉默。
  in silence 沉默;无声
  Robert and his friends walked home in silence.
  罗伯特和他的朋友们悄然无声地走回了家。
  13. recently adv. 不久前;最近
  The bank recently opened a branch in Germany.
  这家银行最近在德国开设了分行。
  14. truth n. 实情;事实
  Kate didn’t think her friend was telling the truth about the event.
  凯特认为她的朋友没有讲出这件事的实情。
  常用短语及搭配
  1. at the time of... 在……的时候
  2. wait for the bus 等公交车
  3. so... that... 如此……以至……
  4. see sb doing sth 看见某人做某事
  5. go off (闹钟)发出响声
  6. begin to do sth 开始做某事
  7. pick up 接电话
  8. at that time 当时;在那时
  9. make sure 确保;务使
  10. fall asleep 进入梦乡;睡着
  11. die down 逐渐变弱;逐渐消失
  12. wake up 醒来;吵醒
  13. in a mess 凌乱无序;乱七八糟
  14. break... apart 打散;分裂   15. bring... closer 拉近……的距离
  16. in times of difficulty 在困难时刻
  17. right away 立刻;马上
  18. by the side of... 在……的旁边
  19. walk by 路过;走过
  20. in history 在历史中
  21. in silence 沉默;无声
  22. take down 拆除;往下拽;记录
  23. remember doing sth 记得做过某事
  24. at first 首先;最初
  25. have trouble doing sth 做某事有困难
  26. as well 也;还有
  27. have a look 看一看
  28. make one’s way 前往;费力地前进
  重要句型
  1. What happened to sb? 某人怎么啦?
  What happened to you yesterday?
  昨天你怎么啦?
  2. What was/were sb doing at the time of...? 在……的时候某人在干什么?
  What were you doing at the time of the rainstorm?
  在暴风雨来的时候,你在干什么?
  3. While sb was/were doing, ... 当某人在做某事时,……
  While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework.
  当琳达在睡觉时,珍妮在帮助玛丽做功课。
  基本语法
  一、过去进行时的构成:
  1. 定义:表示过去某个时刻或过去一段时间正在进行的动作。
  2. 句式:
  肯定句:主语 + was/were + doing sth + 时间状语
  否定句:主语 + was/were + not + doing sth + 时间状语
  一般疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + doing sth + 时间状语?
  肯定回答:Yes,主语 + was/were.
  否定回答:No,主语 + wasn’t/weren’t.
  He was working at eight last night.
  他昨晚八点在上班。
  I wasn’t doing homework at that time.
  在那时我没做作业。
  — Were you watching TV at this time yesterday?
  — Yes, I was. /—No, I wasn’t.
  — 昨天这个时候你在看电视吗?
  — 是的,我在看。/—不,我没有看。
  3. 标志词:then, at that time, at this time
  句中的时间状语为at + 时间点 + yesterday/last night, from A to B this morning或者由when,while引导的时间状语从句。
  He was reading in the library when the rainstorm came.
  暴风雨来的时候他在图书馆看书。
  二、when与while的用法与区别
  (一)when与while都有“当……的时候”的意思。
  1. when既可表示某一时间点,也可表示某一段时间。在when引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的,可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生,也可在其后发生。
  I was just reading a book when she came into my room.
  她走进我房间时,我正在看书。
  2. while只能表示某一段时间。在while引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语动词只能是延续性的,而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。
  You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV.
  你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。
  (二)when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态,而while引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态。
  I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening.
  昨天晚上妈妈回家的时候,我正在做家庭作业。
  While they were talking, the bell rang.
  他们正在谈话的时候,上课铃响了。
  Unit 6 An old man tried to move the
  mountains.
  重点词汇
  1. shoot v. 射击;发射
  She had never been able to shoot straight.
  她从没能射准过。
  2. weak adj. 虚弱的;无力的   I was too weak to move or think or speak.
  我太虚弱了,无法动弹,无法思考,也无法说话。
  be weak in... 不擅长;在……方面差
  Lei Ming is always weak in math.
  雷明数学总是很差。
  be good at... 擅长于;爱好于
  3. remind v. 提醒;使想起
  She simply welcomed him and reminded him of the last time they had met.
  她只是对他表示欢迎,并且提醒说他们上次见过面。
  remind sb of... 使某人想起……
  Thanks for your gift—it will always remind me of you.
  感谢你的礼物,它会使我总想起你。
  4. bit n. 一点;小块
  She looks a bit like his cousin Maureen.
  她长得有点儿像他表姐莫琳。
  (1) a bit = a little 有点;稍微
  She’s a bit/a little afraid of the teacher.
  她有点怕老师。
  (2) a bit of... 有点……,修饰不可数名词。
  Tom has a bit of money.
  汤姆有一点钱。
  (3) not a bit相当于“not at all”,表示“一点儿都不”。
  He is not a bit tired.
  他一点都不累。
  5. silly adj. 愚蠢的;不明事理的
  I think it’s a little bit silly.
  我认为它有点愚蠢。
  6. hide v. 隐藏;隐蔽
  They hid themselves behind a tree.
  他们躲到一棵树后。
  7. fit v. 适合;合身
  I tried the dress on but it didn’t fit.
  我试穿了那条连衣裙,但不合身。
  8. couple n.(尤指)夫妻;两人;两件事物
  I think the trouble will clear up in a couple of days.
  我想问题几天内就会解决。
  a couple of... 一对;几个
  I have a couple of things to do.
  我有些事情要做。
  9. marry v. 结婚
  The new couple were so happy that they couldn’t stop smiling when they got married.
  这对新婚夫妇如此开心以至他们结婚时不停地微笑。
  10. cheat v. 欺骗;蒙骗
  n. 骗子
  They were trying to cheat the emperor.
  他们在尽力蒙骗这个国王。
  11. bright adv. 光亮地;明亮地
  adj. 明亮的;光线充足的
  It was a bright, sunny day.
  这是一个阳光明媚的日子。
  12. lead v. 带路;领路
  He took Diokon by the hand to lead him into the house.
  他牵着迪康的手把他领进屋。
  13. brave adj. 勇敢的;无畏的
  He is a brave soldier.
  他是无畏的士兵。
  常用短语及搭配
  1. once upon a time 从前
  2. work on 从事;操作
  3. a little bit 有点儿;稍微
  4. finish doing sth 做完某事
  5. continue to do sth 继续做某事
  6. take away 拿走;带走
  7. a good way to do sth 做某事的一个好方法
  8. keep doing sth 一直做某事
  9. agree with sb 同意某人
  10. instead of 代替;反而
  11. break open 裂开;摔破
  12. give birth (to sb/sth) 生孩子;产仔
  13. at other times 平时;往常
  14. turn... into 变成
  15. become/be interested in... 对……感兴趣
  16. fall in love with... 爱上……
  17. get married 结婚
  18. can’t stop doing sth 忍不住做某事
  19. all over the world 全世界   20. leave sb to do sth 让某人去做某事
  21. be born 出生
  22. come with me 跟我来
  23. not... until... 直到……才……
  24. never mind 不要紧
  25. leave sth somewhere 把某物落在某处
  重要句型
  1. Once upon a time, there was a... 从前,有一个……
  Once upon a time, there was a mouse father.
  很久很久以前,有一个老鼠爸爸。
  2. What happened next? 接下来发生了什么?
  I can’t remember what happened next.
  这以后发生的事我不记得了。
  3. We will... unless... 如果不……我们会……
  We will be late unless we go there by taxi.
  如果不乘出租车去那里,我们会迟到。
  4. As soon as I got to the bus stop... 当我一到汽车站,就……
  As soon as I got to the bus stop, the bus left.
  当我一到汽车站,汽车就离开了。
  5. The boy was so excited that... 这个男孩如此激动以致……
  The boy was so excited that he couldn’t say a word.
  这个男孩如此激动以致说不出话来。
  基本语法
  一、过去进行时与一般过去时用法比较:
  1. 过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续,而一般过去时表示动作的完成。
  David was writing a letter to his father last night.
  大卫昨晚正在给他父亲写信。(指信在写的过程中,不一定写完)
  David wrote a letter to his father last night.
  大卫昨晚给他父亲写了一封信。(信写完了)
  2. 表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词,如be, have, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice可用于一般过去时,但通常不用于过去进行时。
  I had a lot of work to do yesterday.
  昨晚我有许多工作要做。
  3. 一般说来,过去进行时侧重动作持续时间的长度,而一般过去时只说明过去某时发生某事,侧重说明事实。It was raining heavily last night.
  昨晚下着大雨。(侧重说明下雨持续的时间长)
  It rained heavily last night.
  昨晚下了大雨。(侧重说明下雨这一事实)
  二、连词unless,as soon as和so... that...的基本用法
  1. unless是从属连词,引导条件状语从句,含有否定意义,相当于if条件状语从句的否定形式,因此unless = if not。
  注意:unless引导的条件状语从句和if条件状语从句,与其他时间状语从句一样,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
  Unless you take more care, you’ll have an accident.
  如果不多加小心的话,你会出事故的。
  2. as soon as表示“一……就”,其中的从句通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时表示将来。在句中位置较灵活,口语和书面语均可使用。
  I’ll write you as soon as I get there.
  我一到那儿就给你写信。(一般现在时)
  As soon as I went in, Jason cried out with pleasure.
  我一进门,杰森就高兴地叫起来。(一般过去时)
  3. so... that...引导结果状语从句,意思是“如此……以致……”。so是副词,常常用来修饰形容词或副词,常用句型为:主语 + 谓语 + so + adj./adv. + that从句。
  She is so young that she can’t look after herself.
  她很年轻以致不能自理。
  The boy ran so fast that I couldn’t catch him.
  这个男孩跑得如此快以致我不能抓住他。
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