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对正品秦艽及其伪充品白头翁的药材性状 ,显微特征和理化实验进行鉴别比较。结果表明 ,用毛茛科植物白头翁Pulsatillachienensis (Bge )Regel的干燥根切除芦头后伪充秦艽GentianamacrophyllaPall ,虽然其药材外观极其相似 ,但二者在药材形状和显微特征上仍有不同。其主要鉴别特征是 :秦艽有残存茎基及纤维状叶鞘 ,断面略显油性 ,气特异。而白头翁的根头均被人为切除而呈平截状 ,有的还可见残留的白色绒毛。同时白头翁的皮部易脱落 ,露出黄色木部。断面也不显油性 ,更无秦艽的特异气味。白头翁与秦艽不同之外还有 :白头翁的粉末中有韧皮纤维、后生皮层细胞和淀粉粒 ,而无栓化细胞、草酸钙针晶和内皮层细胞。在理化鉴别实验中 ,白头翁无秦艽的生物碱鉴别反应和荧光鉴别反应(见表 1)。
The authenticity, microscopic characteristics and physicochemical experiments of the authentic Gentiana and its pseudo-pumped Pulsatilla were compared. The results showed that the roots of Prunus alatus Pulsatillachienensis (Bge) Regel were used to remove the reed head and pseudo-filled Gentianacrophylla Pall. Although the appearance of the medicinal materials was extremely similar, the shape and microscopic characteristics of the herbs were still different. Its main distinguishing feature is: Gentiana has residual stem base and fibrous sheath, cross section is slightly oily, gas specific. The roots of Pulsatillae were all cut off by artificial cutting, and some of the remaining white hairs were also visible. At the same time Pulsatilla’s skin is easy to fall off, exposing the yellow wood. The section is also not oily, and there is no specific smell of Gentiana. Apart from Pulsatilla and Gentiana, Pulsatilla has bast fibers, epidermal cells, and starch granules in the powder, but no thrombocytes, calcium oxalate and endothelial cells. In the physical and chemical identification experiment, Pulsatilla chinensis had no alkaloid identification reaction and fluorescence identification reaction (see Table 1).