各国应对儿童性侵之法

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  South Korea
  韩国
  On May 30, 2013, Ministry of Public Administration And Security of the Republic of Korea issued the Comprehensive National Security Strategy (the “strategy”), slated for a June 19th implementation. The strategy will publish the indexes for social sex violence, domestic violence, campus violence and food safety and reduction plans for indexes in 13 fields periodically for every 6 months. Besides, the strategy also regulated that sex offenders targeting the underage will receive life sentences, and if the victims in such crimes are under 16, the offenders will be ruled out from potential probations. All sex offenders will not be granted for paroles.
  2013年5月30日,韩国安全行政部公布了《国民安全综合对策》。该政策将从下月19日起实施有关儿童青少年性保护的法律,调查性暴力、家庭暴力、校园暴力和不合格食品等四大社会“毒瘤”国民安全体验指数,每六个月公布结果,并将在包括四大社会“毒瘤”在内的13个领域中引进缩减目标管理制度,即规定将针对儿童和青少年的强奸罪惩罚力度升级为无期徒刑;对初中生(16岁)以下儿童的强奸犯罪被排除在缓期执行对象之外;一切性暴力罪犯不得假释。
  The Korean government plans to elevate the rate for accusation against sex offenders 10% annually. The police departments will turn local police stations into offices dedicated to dealing with sex crimes, and deploy additional 500 police officers to reduce the sex crime rate in campuses from 9.6% to 5.7% in 2017.
  根据韩国政府计划,将把每年性暴力罪犯检举比例提高10%,将未检举率从去年的15.5%降至2017年的9.1%,韩国警方将在16个地方警察厅设置专门负责性暴力犯罪的调查小组,增派500多名专门负责校园暴力的警察,以期把校园暴力的比例从去年的9.6%降至2017年5.7%。
  In addition, on June 29, 2010, South Korea Parliament passed a “Chemical Castration Act”, to chemically eliminate the sexual impulsive of sex offenders who have committed sex assaults upon children under 16. This act came into effect in July, 2011, making South Korea the first Asian country to chemically castrate sex offenders.
  此外,韩国法律曾经规定,针对儿童的性犯罪最高刑期可至50年。2010年6月29日,韩国国会通过“化学阉割法案”,决定对16岁以下的儿童进行性侵犯的性犯罪者实行药物治疗,以根除罪犯的性冲动。该法案于2011年7月开始实施,韩国由此成为亚洲第一个对性犯罪者实施化学阉割的国家。
  United States
  美国
  On May 17, 1996, former President Bill Clinton signed the Megan’s Law, stipulating that released criminals with sex-offending record to be registered in local police departments with their fingerprints, smell and DNA data reported for permanent record. Besides, after a sex offender is released, his or her information will be made available for public. In 2004, Megan’s Law was amended, enforcing sex offenders to wear a bracelet and a tracker. If an offender has committed crimes over twice, he or she must receive an enquiry every three months, and even have to report any appearance changes including bear and haircut.   1996年5月17日,克林顿总统签署了《梅根法案》,随后该法案在美国各州普及开来。“梅根”法案规定,为避免有犯罪前科者出狱后继续危害社会,警方会录取强奸犯的指纹、气味和DNA等资料,并永远存档保留。强奸犯出狱后,他所在社区的警方还会将其照片、住址、外貌特征等个人信息放到网上以供读取,提醒公众留意防范。2004年,《梅根法案》又有了进一步的发展:性侵儿童的罪犯,假释期间须佩戴手腕警告标志与电子追踪器。若一个人曾经犯案两次以上,出狱后还必须每3个月前往警方接受一次问询,甚至胡须、发型等体貌特征有所改变时,也必须及时向警方报告。
  Sex offenders are also forbidden to approach children. In Georgia, registered sex offenders are forbidden to stay within 300m with schools, churches, parks, skating rinks and public pools, and they will be immediately arrested if they tried to violate such rules. Recently, more and more states including North Carolina, Washington, Massachusetts and Arizona are laying down laws and regulations to forbid sex offenders from entering public places.
  登记在案通常只是开始,有时性罪犯还被禁止接近儿童聚集的场所。在佐治亚州,性罪犯不得在距学校、教堂、公园、滑冰场或泳池300米的范围内工作或生活,违者将被立即逮捕。近些年,美国多地的社区已开始对性罪犯居住的地区进行管制,越来越多的公共场所禁止他们进入,其中包括北卡罗来纳州、华盛顿州、马塞诸塞州、亚利桑那州等。
  Although laws are varied in every state, crimes of rape, molesting and even storing child pornographies are treated as felonies anywhere in America. In many states, committing sex with children under 14 will be treated as rape whether it is consenting or not. 5 states allow applying death penalties upon child rapists.
  在美国,虽然各州对强奸或猥亵未成年人的量刑不同,但都将其视为重罪。多个州法律规定,只要与14岁以下的儿童发生性关系,无论是否出于自愿,一律按强奸罪处理。有五个州允许对强奸幼童者判处死刑。在美国,警方对儿童从事色情活动的打击始终严厉,甚至连家中藏有儿童色情照片都属于犯罪行为。
  Japan
  日本
  Patronage dating breeds sex crimes. Therefore, in 1999, Japan authorities laid down laws to forbid child prostitution and pornographies. Committing sex with children under 18 will be treated as rape no matter it is consenting or not.
  在日本,援助交际常常导致性犯罪。为此,日本早在1999年设立了儿童买春及儿童色情处罚法,规定如果通过金钱让未满18岁的儿童提供性服务就被看成是“儿童买春”行为。与未满18岁的儿童发生性侵行为时,无论有金钱往来与否都要受到处罚。
  Germany
  德国
  Germany inflicts the most severe punishments upon child rapists in Europe. Like America, Germany treats people engaging in sex acts with children under the age of 14 as rapists. And in view of sex offenders often choose to recommit similar crimes, Germany authorities will provide people with sex offending records chances to receive chemical castration surgeries.
  在惩治强奸儿童犯上,德国恐怕是欧洲最为严格的。与美国相同,与年龄在14岁以下未成年人发生性行为一概视为强奸。心理学家研究证明,很多犯有强奸罪的罪犯在被释放后都没有真正改过自新,还会第二次、第三次走上同样的犯罪道路。单靠刑罚,难以阻挡犯罪。有鉴于此,德国允许性犯罪者自愿选择是否通过外科手术进行“化学阉割”。
  United Kingdom
  英国
  The Britain puts sex education into required courses, and mandates children to receive self-protection courses from the age of 5.
  英国把性教育排进课程表,根据“国家必修科学课程”的具体规定来进行教育。儿童从5岁开始,就在学校接受有关防止性侵犯的课程。该课程将向学生解释身体的哪些部分属于私处,大人必须保持距离。
  Switzerland
  瑞士
  Switzerland launched a promotion called “My Body Belongs to Me” to teach children how to prevent sex assaults, using interactive exhibitions to educate children about sex assaults and how to seek help. This campaign targets not only children, but also their teachers and parents because they play an important role in safeguarding children’s healthy growth.
  瑞士儿童保护协会也发起过一项小学生防止性侵害宣传教育活动。这项宣传教育活动的主题为“我的身体属于我”,主要以交互式展览的形式向小学生说明什么是性侵害,与异性接触应该掌握的分寸等问题,同时让他们知道在遭受性侵害的时候应该怎样求助。这项活动的教育对象除小学生外,还包括他们的老师和家长,因为他们对小学生的健康成长起着至关重要的作用。
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