目的　为了降低结肠、直肠癌手术后切口感染率。方法　作者在1994年2月至1999年2月收治可手术切除的结肠、直肠癌204例,用前瞻性的对比临床研究将204例分为两组,102例术前口服甲硝唑,另102例术前口服庆大霉素。结果　庆大霉素组腹部切口感染率980%,会阴切口感染率3095%;而甲硝唑组腹部切口感染为392%,会阴切口感染1163%,感染率明显降低。结论　作为围手术期用药,单独应用具有强大抗厌氧菌能力的甲硝唑,是一种较为可取的方案 The purpose is to reduce colorectal cancer incision infection rate. METHODS: From February 1994 to February 1999, 204 patients with resectable colon and rectal cancer underwent resection. 204 patients were divided into two groups according to a prospective comparative clinical study. 102 patients received preoperative oral metronidazole and another 102 Preoperative oral gentamicin. Results In gentamicin group, the infection rate of abdominal incision was 980% and the incidence of perineal incision infection was 3095%. The incidence of abdominal incision infection was 392% in metronidazole group and 1163% in episiotomy incision. The infection rate was significantly lower. Conclusions As a perioperative medication, metronidazole alone with strong anaerobic tolerance is a preferable option