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【摘 要】 高考英语测试的主目标是考生运用英语进行交际的能力,书面表达题主要测试考生根据试题给出的信息进行处理,然后用英语传达给读者的能力和水平。本文探讨高考记叙文体裁书面表达的训练方法。
【关键词】 记叙文 体裁 训练方法
1. 以写人为主的记叙文要注意下面三个方面的问题
(1) 姓名、年龄、外貌、学历、经历、专业、爱好、特长、事迹、性格是写人物要介绍的主要内容,写作时必须严格按照写作要求来写,所给的所有信息点都要包含进去,不要遗漏添加信息。
(2) 为了行文方便,可以适当重组所给的信息以便安排写作顺序,要突出重点信息。重点信息通常是文章所表达的主要内容。学历、经历是求职类文章的重点;事迹是新闻报道的要点;介绍人物我们要重点写他们的特点。
(3) 要注意时态的正确运用。我们常用一般现在时描写人物的外貌、性格、兴趣;而人物的出生、教育背景、经历、事迹描写常用一般过去时。
2. 记事类的记叙文要注意以下几个方面的问题
2.1明确“五个W和一个H”
首先要确定写作的顺序,后先写什么,再写什么,最后写什么,要心中有数,然后构思写作提纲。记事类的记叙文可以用英语新闻报道中经常使用用的“五个W和一个H”的概念,即什么事(what),什么人(who),什么时候(when),什么地点(where),什么原因(why),怎么样(how)。要围绕这五个W和一个H确定写作内容、对写作材料进行筛选。
2.2 叙述的人称的确定
一般情况下,我们以第一人称(I/we)和第三人称(he/she/it/they)来展开英语记叙文。从“参与者”的角色进行叙述用第一人称;以“观察者”的身份展开叙述用第三人称,人称的合理选用要因具体情况而定。
2.3叙述的顺序的确定
人称定下来之后,接着就要确定开展记叙的顺序。在英语记叙文写作中,按事情发生的时间或空间顺序进行记叙是最常用的方法。就现在中学生的实际英语水平而言,按时间顺序是最值得练习的记叙方法,因为无论从时态,还是连接词、过渡词等方面这种记叙顺序都比较容易掌握。
3. 写作模板
3.1 写人记叙
(人物)was/is a (身份). She/He was born in(家庭或地方)in (年份). From her/his childhood, she/he loved to (做某事) and hoped to become a (身份). At first, she/he realized that the style of life was not what she/he wanted. She/He devoted her/his whole life to (某个领域). After many year’s hard work, she/he succeeded in (某个领域) in time. She/He won (荣誉) for (贡献). She/He is the very person I (学习、钦佩).
3.2写事记叙
(时间)is memorable because (人物) had a meaningful experience on that day. In the morning, we (活动一). Upon arrival, we began to (活动二). Some were (活动三). Others were (活动四). After getting the work done, we (感受). We feel it’s our duty to (动作).
3.3必备句型
(1) Abraham Lincoln, the son of a poor family, was born in Kentucky on February 12, 1809.
(2) Mo Yan, born in Shandong in 1955, is a world-famous writer.
(3) My top leader is a handsome young man, with black hair and big eyes.
(4) Not only does he show interest in science, but also he has a gift for music.
(5) Lei Feng set a good example to us, so all the people showed great respect to him.
(6) I was about to do ...when ...
(7) Tired as we were, we still felt quite happy.
(8) It was snowing raining heavily on Monday morning.
(9) Last night I was busy preparing for my test when I heard a loud noise.
(10) On my way home, I came across an old friend.
(11) The sun was shinning and the birds were singing.
(12) This is really an unforgettable experience.
(13) I learned from the experience that honesty always comes first.
蒙坤. 高考英语书面表达中复杂结构训练例谈[J]. 基础教育研究, 2013(10).
【关键词】 记叙文 体裁 训练方法
1. 以写人为主的记叙文要注意下面三个方面的问题
(1) 姓名、年龄、外貌、学历、经历、专业、爱好、特长、事迹、性格是写人物要介绍的主要内容,写作时必须严格按照写作要求来写,所给的所有信息点都要包含进去,不要遗漏添加信息。
(2) 为了行文方便,可以适当重组所给的信息以便安排写作顺序,要突出重点信息。重点信息通常是文章所表达的主要内容。学历、经历是求职类文章的重点;事迹是新闻报道的要点;介绍人物我们要重点写他们的特点。
(3) 要注意时态的正确运用。我们常用一般现在时描写人物的外貌、性格、兴趣;而人物的出生、教育背景、经历、事迹描写常用一般过去时。
2. 记事类的记叙文要注意以下几个方面的问题
2.1明确“五个W和一个H”
首先要确定写作的顺序,后先写什么,再写什么,最后写什么,要心中有数,然后构思写作提纲。记事类的记叙文可以用英语新闻报道中经常使用用的“五个W和一个H”的概念,即什么事(what),什么人(who),什么时候(when),什么地点(where),什么原因(why),怎么样(how)。要围绕这五个W和一个H确定写作内容、对写作材料进行筛选。
2.2 叙述的人称的确定
一般情况下,我们以第一人称(I/we)和第三人称(he/she/it/they)来展开英语记叙文。从“参与者”的角色进行叙述用第一人称;以“观察者”的身份展开叙述用第三人称,人称的合理选用要因具体情况而定。
2.3叙述的顺序的确定
人称定下来之后,接着就要确定开展记叙的顺序。在英语记叙文写作中,按事情发生的时间或空间顺序进行记叙是最常用的方法。就现在中学生的实际英语水平而言,按时间顺序是最值得练习的记叙方法,因为无论从时态,还是连接词、过渡词等方面这种记叙顺序都比较容易掌握。
3. 写作模板
3.1 写人记叙
(人物)was/is a (身份). She/He was born in(家庭或地方)in (年份). From her/his childhood, she/he loved to (做某事) and hoped to become a (身份). At first, she/he realized that the style of life was not what she/he wanted. She/He devoted her/his whole life to (某个领域). After many year’s hard work, she/he succeeded in (某个领域) in time. She/He won (荣誉) for (贡献). She/He is the very person I (学习、钦佩).
3.2写事记叙
(时间)is memorable because (人物) had a meaningful experience on that day. In the morning, we (活动一). Upon arrival, we began to (活动二). Some were (活动三). Others were (活动四). After getting the work done, we (感受). We feel it’s our duty to (动作).
3.3必备句型
(1) Abraham Lincoln, the son of a poor family, was born in Kentucky on February 12, 1809.
(2) Mo Yan, born in Shandong in 1955, is a world-famous writer.
(3) My top leader is a handsome young man, with black hair and big eyes.
(4) Not only does he show interest in science, but also he has a gift for music.
(5) Lei Feng set a good example to us, so all the people showed great respect to him.
(6) I was about to do ...when ...
(7) Tired as we were, we still felt quite happy.
(8) It was snowing raining heavily on Monday morning.
(9) Last night I was busy preparing for my test when I heard a loud noise.
(10) On my way home, I came across an old friend.
(11) The sun was shinning and the birds were singing.
(12) This is really an unforgettable experience.
(13) I learned from the experience that honesty always comes first.
蒙坤. 高考英语书面表达中复杂结构训练例谈[J]. 基础教育研究, 2013(10).