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大鲵是我国特有的两栖纲有尾目隐鳃鲵科动物。然而由于生境破坏、环境污染和人为捕杀等原因,该物种数量锐减,被列为国家Ⅱ类重点保护野生动物。为恢复大鲵野生资源数量,进一步评估水温、水质、饵料生物和两岸植被类型等生境因子对大鲵人工放流结果的影响,作者于2013年4月在秦岭山脉南麓(宁陕东河)、北麓(周至黑河)选择放流点分别人工放流16尾和15尾健康大鲵个体。利用PIT芯片进行标记追踪,实时监测水温变化,定期采集周边生境因子数据,一年后南、北麓回捕标记个体8尾和0尾,回捕率分别为50%和0。结果显示,南麓放流点日平均水温显著高于北麓放流点(p<0.01),最高温度较北麓放流点高3.85℃,最低温度较北麓放流点高4.26℃,且南麓放流点水温日均温差变化较小。我们认为水温是影响放流成功与否的重要因子,因此,依据野生大鲵的生境特征标准,选择水温更加适宜的放流点,可能是大鲵人工放流成功和实现野生资源增殖的有效途径。
Daucus is a unique amphibia of our country there are timothy gill family of animals. However, due to habitat destruction, environmental pollution and human killing and other reasons, the species dropped sharply, was listed as a national key protected wild type Ⅱ. In order to restore the population of wild catfish, we further evaluated the effects of habitat factors such as water temperature, water quality, food organisms and the types of vegetation on the artificial discharge of the catfish. In April 2013, (Week to Heihe) to choose to release the point of artificial discharge of 16 tail and 15 healthy individuals. The PIT chips were used for label tracking and real-time monitoring of changes in water temperature. Peripheral habitat data were collected periodically. One year later, 8 individuals and 0 individuals were captured in the south and north areas respectively. The recovery rates were 50% and 0% respectively. The results showed that the average daily water temperature at the discharge point was significantly higher than that at the northern foot (p <0.01), the maximum temperature was 3.85 ℃ higher than the discharge point at the northern foot, and the lowest temperature was 4.26 ℃ higher than the discharge point at the northern foot. The average temperature of water temperature change is small. In our opinion, water temperature is an important factor that influences the success of the discharge. Therefore, selecting the more appropriate discharge point according to the habitat characteristics of wild Taihang may be an effective way to achieve the success of artificial discharge and the realization of the proliferation of wild resources.