目的探讨全反式维甲酸(atRA)对糖尿病大鼠肾脏组织骨形成蛋白-7(BMP7)、转化生长因子-β1(TGFβ1)表达和细胞外基质(ECM)Ⅳ、Ⅲ型胶原代谢的影响。方法随机选择24只♂SD大鼠制作糖尿病模型,其中12只入糖尿病模型(DM)组,另12只入糖尿病模型+atRA(DM+atRA)组,此外再随机选择12只正常大鼠作为空白对照(NC)组。分别于第8、12周末各组处死6只大鼠,通过光镜、电镜观察各组大鼠肾脏病理结果;通过免疫组织化学方法观察BMP7,TGFβ1,Ⅳ、Ⅲ型胶原表达,并进行半定量分析;通过实时荧光定量PCR方法对TGFβ1mRNA、BMP7mRNA进行相对定量分析。结果 DM+atRA组大鼠肾组织BMP7表达较同时期DM组增加(P<0.01),主要表达于大鼠肾小管上皮细胞,而TGFβ1表达较同时期DM组减少(P<0.01);且DM+atRA组大鼠肾组织ECM重要成分Ⅳ、Ⅲ型胶原表达与DM组相比较显著减少(P<0.01)。同时观察到BMP7蛋白与Ⅳ型胶原蛋白表达呈负相关(r=-0.75,P<0.01),与Ⅲ型胶原蛋白表达呈负相关(r=-0.71,P<0.01),与TGFβ1蛋白表达呈负相关(r=-0.86,P<0.01)。荧光定量PCR结果表明,DM+atRA组BMP7mRNA水平升高,TGFβ1mRNA水平下降,且两者呈显著负相关(r=-0.83,P<0.01)。结论 atRA能减轻糖尿病大鼠肾脏病理损伤,延缓肾脏纤维化,这一防治作用可能与其增加BMP7表达,下调TGFβ1表达从而减少肾组织ECM沉积有关。 Objective To investigate the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) on the expression of BMP7, TGFβ1 and extracellular matrix (ECM) type Ⅳ and type Ⅲ collagen in diabetic rats Metabolic effects. Methods Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into diabetic model group (DM), 12 diabetic model group (at + DM + atRA group) and 12 normal rats Control (NC) group. At the end of the 8th and 12th week, 6 rats in each group were sacrificed. The pathological results of kidney in each group were observed by light microscope and electron microscope. The expressions of BMP7, TGFβ1, Ⅳ and Ⅲ collagen were observed by immunohistochemistry. And semi-quantitative analysis; by quantitative real-time PCR method TGF 汕 1 mRNA, BMP  7mRNA relative quantitative analysis. Results The expression of BMP7 in DM + atRA group was higher than that in DM group (P <0.01), mainly in rat renal tubular epithelial cells, while the expression of TGFβ1 in DM + atRA group was lower than that in DM group ). Compared with DM group, the expressions of collagen type Ⅳ and collagen Ⅲ, an important component of ECM in the kidney of DM + atRA group were significantly decreased (P <0.01). At the same time, BMP7 protein was negatively correlated with type IV collagen expression (r = -0.75, P <0.01) and negatively correlated with type III collagen protein (r = -0.71, P <0.01) β1 protein expression was negatively correlated (r = -0.86, P <0.01). Fluorescent quantitative PCR results showed that the level of BMP7 mRNA and the level of TGFβ1 mRNA in DM + atRA group were significantly decreased (r = -0.83, P <0.01). Conclusions atRA can reduce renal pathological injury in diabetic rats and delay renal fibrosis. This preventive effect may be related to increasing BMP7 expression, decreasing TGFβ1 expression and decreasing ECM deposition in renal tissues.