目的了解昆明地区新生儿感染性肺炎的病原学、流行病学及临床表现特点。方法选择506例确诊新生儿感染性肺炎住院患儿为观察组及50例非新生儿感染性肺炎住院患儿为对照组,对两组病例取呼吸道分泌物做细菌及病毒病原学检测,将检测结果与临床相关因素进行分析总结。结果对照组呼吸道病毒病原学检测均为阴性,为非病原菌生长。观察组呼吸道病原学阳性检出率为58·7%,其中细菌培养阳性占35·18%,以大肠埃希菌为主;病毒占23·3%,以呼吸道合胞病毒多见;结核感染占0·2%;病原不明者41·3%。新生儿感染性肺炎以出生后感染居多,占89·33%,而宫内感染性肺炎仅占10·67%。新生儿细菌感染性肺炎患儿咳嗽(χ2=10·20,P<0·01),感染中毒症状(χ2=8·21,P<0·01)、双肺湿罗音(χ2=6·11,P<0·05)及缺氧征(χ2=8·21,P<0·05)明显多见于病毒感染;而病毒感染者冬春季明显多于夏秋季。结论新生儿感染性肺炎58·70%可明确病原,细菌感染多于病毒感染;感染性肺炎以出生后多见;细菌感染与病毒感染各有其临床特点。 Objective To understand the etiology, epidemiology and clinical features of neonatal pneumonia in Kunming area. Methods 506 cases of hospitalized neonates with infectious pneumonia were selected as the observation group and 50 cases of non-neonatal pneumonia inpatients as the control group. Bacterial and viral etiological tests were performed on respiratory secretions from both groups. Results and clinical related factors were analyzed and summarized. Results The control group of respiratory virus etiology test were negative, non-pathogenic bacteria growth. In the observation group, the positive rate of respiratory aetiology was 58.7%, of which, 35.18% were positive for bacterial culture, mainly Escherichia coli, 23.3% for virus, common for respiratory syncytial virus, tuberculosis infection Accounting for 0.2%; unknown pathogen 41.3%. Infectious pneumonia in newborns with postnatal infection is the most, accounting for 89.33%, while intrauterine infection pneumonia only accounted for 10.67%. Children with neonatal bacterial pneumonia had cough (χ2 = 10.20, P <0.01), symptoms of poisoning (χ2 = 8.21, P <0.01) 11, P <0.05) and hypoxia sign (χ2 = 8 · 21, P <0.05) were more common in viral infection, while those infected with virus were significantly more in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. Conclusions 58 · 70% of neonates with infectious pneumonia can be identified pathogens, bacterial infections than viral infections; infectious pneumonia is more common after birth; bacterial infections and viral infections have their own clinical features.