黑色素瘤是一种侵袭性强、病死率较高的皮肤恶性肿瘤，对目前常规的治疗手段均不敏感。微RNA（miRNA）是一种内源性、非编码的、单链 RNA，它可以调控肿瘤细胞的增殖、分化、转移和凋亡等生命过程，对肿瘤的发生、发展起至关重要的作用。该文就近年来黑色素瘤相关miRNA 及其靶基因的研究进行综述，旨在阐述 miRNA 在黑色素瘤发生、发展过程中的作用，为黑色素瘤的miRNA靶向治疗提供理论基础。“,”Melanoma,a kind of skin malignant tumor with high invasiveness and mortality.Micro RNA (miRNA),a sort of endogenous,non-coding and single stranded RNA,can regulate the proliferation,differ-entiation,metastasis and apoptosis of tumor cells,playing a vital role in the occurrence and development of tumor.Here makes a summary of the research of melanoma related miRNA and its target genes in recent years,so as to discuss the important roles of miRNA in the occurrence and development of melanoma,and provides theoretical basis for the miRNA target therapy .