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近年来，我国急性心肌梗死发病率明显上升，已接近国际平均水平。心肌缺血／再灌注损伤（ I／RI）是缺血心肌恢复血运后的常见并发症。研究表明，I／RI与线粒体功能结构损害关系密切。心肌发生缺血／再灌注时，心肌细胞发生一系列病理生理变化。迄今为止，已发现多种手段可用来减弱I／RI，该保护通路包括乙酰胆碱、一氧化氮合酶、一氧化氮、内皮细胞、蛋白激酶 Cε、线粒体连接蛋白43、线粒体ATP敏感性钾离子通道。“,”The incidence of acute myocardial infarction has been ascending notably in recent years and is reaching international average.Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury(I/RI) is a common complication after recover of the blood supply in ischemic myocardium.Studies show that I/RI is closely associated with impairment of mitochondrial function and structure .Cardiomyocytes suffer from a series of pathophysiological changes when ischemia/reperfusion occurs in myocardial infarction.So far multiple measures have been dis-covered to attenuate I/RI.This protective pathway includes acetylcholine,nitrogen monoxide synthase,nitro-gen monoxide, protein kinase Cε, mitochondrial connexin 43 and mitochondrial ATP sensitive potassium channel.