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《孝经》是我国古代的一部经书,一般认为成书于战国时代。自汉代以后,为其作注者迭起,且屡有帝王作注。八世纪初,唐玄宗作御注,于天宝二年又增补修订,颁行天下。过了六百年,至十四世纪初,元代初年维吾尔族学者贯云石撰写《孝经直解》,用当时的口语来讲解《孝经》。同一语言材料,在不同的历史时期用当时的语言来表达,我们可以从对比研究中窥见语言发展之一斑。《孝经直解》的语言是通俗的古白话,与先秦文言文有很大差异,接近于现代汉语,而又有若干不同。本文以《孝经直解》为主要材料,着重讨论语法方面的古今之不同。
“Book of Filial Piety” is an ancient Chinese classics, generally believed that the book was born in the Warring States period. Since the Han Dynasty, as a follower of their repeated, and often the emperor as a note. At the beginning of the eighth century, Emperor Xuanzong made a royal note and added another revision to Tianbao in two years. After six hundred years to the beginning of the fourteenth century, Uygur scholar Guan Yunshi wrote “The Book of Filial Piety” through the early Yuan Dynasty. The same linguistic material, expressed in the language of the time in different historical periods, we can see from the comparative study one of the language developments. The language of “The Book of Filial Piety” is a popular ancient vernacular, which is quite different from the classical Chinese of Pre-Qin, close to modern Chinese, and has a few differences. In this paper, “Filial Piety by the direct solution” as the main material, focusing on the grammatical aspects of ancient and modern differences.