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本文以书信丰富的南宋道学门徒孙应时的生命历程,探讨名儒巨卿之外的人物对于研究南宋政治、学术的意义,并揭示书信的史料价值。书信虽不易考订时空以进一步运用,却是士人对学、政的关怀与感受的直接表现,承载史籍、传记所不见的讯息。不同于行状等其他传记,孙应时的书信生动显示出,他中第出仕以后因家世、交友所获奥援与连带困境,以及这样一位远离权力核心的中层士人对南宋中期重大政治事件的观察和关注。在学术上,孙应时从跟随陆九渊、求益吕祖谦与朱熹等多师乃至渐趋朱学,招来陆氏责难;然而,他实以典籍考证见长,较少触及主流道学之义理讨论,施政则致力于落实道学理念。除了补充对历史事件的认识,孙应时的书信与遭遇也说明了人际关系对于南宋士人仕宦历官的关键性,以及道学发展、个人学风的复杂性。
This article is based on the life history of Sun Yingshi, a disciple of Southern Song Dynasty Taoist disciples, who is rich in letters and letters, and explores the significance of the characters outside the imperial family Juqing for the study of politics and scholarship in the Southern Song Dynasty and reveals the historical value of letters. Though it is not easy to test the time and space for further application, the epistle is a direct manifestation of the care and feelings of scholars and the government. It carries the message that history books and biographies can not see. Unlike other biographies, such as his biography, Sun Yingshi’s epistle vividly shows that after his birth he became an Austrian aid and joint troubled friend of his family and friends, as well as such an observation and observation by mid-level intellectuals far from the core of power about major political events in the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty. attention. Academically, Sun Yingchong has followed Lu’s censure since he followed Lu Jiuyuan, Qiu Yi Lu Zuqian and Zhu Xi and even became more and more popular with Zhu Shi. However, Implement the concept of Taoism. In addition to supplementing the understanding of historical events, Sun Yingshi’s letters and encounters also illustrate the crucial role of interpersonal relationships in the official history of the Southern Song Dynasty, as well as the complexity of Taoism development and personal style of study.