论文部分内容阅读
我们先来回顾湖北近几年高考对虚拟语气的考查：
1. （2014年）You the meeting to tell me that； you could have come to tell me afterwards. （interrupt）
你不该打断会议来告诉我那件事，你本来可以会后再告诉我。
答案 shouldn’t have interrupted
考点 考查“情态动词+完成时”表达“虚拟语气”的效果，即shouldn’t have done表示“本来不该做而实际做了某事”。
2. （2013年）Most believe he for England last week， but for a serious injury which put him out of football. （play）
多数人认为，要不是因为受了重伤告别足球，上周他本会为英格兰踢球的。
答案 could/would have played
考点 考查but for引导的虚拟句。
3. （2012年）Had we not used an out-of-date train schedule， we the train. （miss）
要不是用了一张过期的列车时刻表，我们就不会误了火车。
答案 wouldn’t have missed
考点 考查省略if的虚拟条件句
4.（2011年）If alcohol last night， I could have driven my car home. （drink）
如果我昨晚没有喝酒，我就能够开车回家。
答案 I had not drunk
考点 考查if条件句中的虚拟语气
5. （2010年） Mr Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention at the meeting. （discuss）
约翰逊先生主张在会上讨论那个值得关注的问题。
答案 （should） be discussed
考点 考查insist宾语从句后用虚拟语气。
下面我们归纳一下虚拟语气的考查要点，同学们需要在理解的基础上进行识记。
1. 在非真实性条件句中的用法
1）表示与现在事实相反
[if从句＼&主句＼&一般过去时（were）＼&would/should/could/might+动词原形＼&]
If I were you， I should accept the invitation.
If I had time， I would go there.
2）与过去事实相反
[if从句＼&主句＼&过去完成时＼&would/should/could/might+have done＼&]
If you had come earlier， you couldn’t/wouldn’t have missed the bus. （事实是来晚了，也没赶上车。）
If he had seen you yesterday， he would have returned your book. （事实上没见到，所以没还书。）
3） 与将来事实可能相反
[if从句＼&主句＼&一般过去时（be多用were）/should do/were to do＼&would/should/could/might+动词原形＼&]
If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow， the sports meet would be put off.
万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。）
4）if的省略
如果条件句中有were， had， should等助动词，可将if省略，把were， had或should置于句首，句子倒装。
Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow， the sports meeting would be put off.
Had he seen you yesterday， he would have returned your book.
5）混合时间条件句与主句
条件句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差，应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。
If you had followed the doctor’s advice， you would be fine now.
6）含蓄条件句与主句
即用without（=but for）， or（else）， otherwise代替if从句。
Without/But for his help， we wouldn’t have made such great progress.=If there hadn’t been/we hadn’t his help， we wouldn’t have made such great progress.
7）特殊结构的条件句
If it were not for...“如果没有……”表示与现在事实相反的假设。
If it had not been for...“如果当时没有”表示与过去事实相反的假设。 If it were not for his help， I could never go to college.
If it had not been for your help， we should have failed.
2. 在as if/as though引导的状语从句中的用法
在as if/as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用“倒退一个时间段”的方式来表达虚拟语气。即：如果与过去事实相反，句子用过去完成时；如果与现在或将来事实相反，句子就用一般过去时。
The man speaks as if he were a foreigner.
The speaker told us a lot about that country as though he had been there many times.
They talked as if they had been good friends for years.
注意 as if/as though从句中不一定要用虚拟语气。如果情况真实性、可能性很大，就要用正常时态表述。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 天看起来好像要下雨。（下雨的可能性很大。）
3.在wish引导的宾语从句中的用法
1. 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，宾语从句谓语为动词的过去完成式。
I wish I had passed yesterday’s exam. 要是我昨天的考试及格了就好了。
2.表示与现在事实相反的愿望，宾语从句谓语用did形式。
He wishes he was/were as clever as you.
I wish I had a large room to live in.
3.表示将来的愿望，宾语从句谓语用would/could do形式。
How I wish I would go abroad next year！
4.在would rather引导的宾语从句中的用法
1）表示与过去事实相反，宾从谓语为had done形式。
2）表示与现在和将来事实相反，宾从谓语用动词的一般过去式。
I would rather you went with me.
I would rather I hadn’t quarreled with her last night.
5. 虚拟语气用于if only 引导的感叹句中
1）过去时态（与现在或将来事实相反）
2）If only+主语+表示“要是……就好了”
3）过去完成时（与过去事实相反）
If only my frienls were here now！ （与现在事实相反）
If only I had taken his advice. （与过去事实相反）
If only I were a bird！ （要是我是一只鸟就好了！）
6. 在suggest，propose，demand，request，require，order，insist，recommend（建议），prefer，urge等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语为（should） do形式。
I suggest/propose/demand/request/require/order/insist that he （should） be sent to the nearest hospital as soon as possible.
注意 insist 作“坚持说，坚持认为”讲，不用虚拟语气。作“坚持要某人做某事”时用虚拟语气。
在学习中，同学们要总结规律，细化词条，把看似庞杂的语法概念梳理得井然有序，泾渭分明，真正做到“一览众山小”，才能在考场上立于不败之地。
1. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ？ （do）
是约翰打坏了窗户。为什么你对我谈话就好像是我做的这件事呢？
2. no modern telecommunications， we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. （be）
如果没有现代化的电讯，我们将不得不等待几周才能收到来自世界各地的消息。
3. We would rather our daughter ， with us， but it is her choice， and she is not a child any longer. （stay）
我们宁愿我们的女儿和我们待在家里，但这是她自己的选择，她不再是个孩子了。
4. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation， or they
our help. （come）
我们进行调查研究的那几个月他们刚好在国外，否则他们会来帮忙的。
5. If we ， we wouldn’t be standing here in a queue. （book） 如果我们早点儿预订了餐桌，现在就不必在这儿站着排队等候了。
6. I my cousin’s birthday party last night， but I was not available. （go）
昨晚我本来要去参加我堂妹的生日聚会的，但是我没有空。
7. If he had spent more time practising speaking English before， he would now. （speak）
如果他以前花费更多的时间练习英语口语的话，他现在就能说得更好。
8. Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she ， she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. （be）
格蕾丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为，如果她住到那里去，她就不能经常看到父母了。
9. We lost our way in that small village， otherwise we more places of interest yesterday. （visit）
我们在那个小村庄里迷了路，否则我们昨天就会看到更多的名胜。
10. We John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. （put）
要不是他目前的伤情，我们昨天就会把约翰的名字列到比赛的名单中了。
1. had done it
2. Were there/If there were
3. stayed at home
4. would have come to
5. had booked a table earlier
6. would have gone to （attend）
7. be able to speak it better
8. were to live there
9. would have visited
10. would have put
1. （2014年）You the meeting to tell me that； you could have come to tell me afterwards. （interrupt）
你不该打断会议来告诉我那件事，你本来可以会后再告诉我。
答案 shouldn’t have interrupted
考点 考查“情态动词+完成时”表达“虚拟语气”的效果，即shouldn’t have done表示“本来不该做而实际做了某事”。
2. （2013年）Most believe he for England last week， but for a serious injury which put him out of football. （play）
多数人认为，要不是因为受了重伤告别足球，上周他本会为英格兰踢球的。
答案 could/would have played
考点 考查but for引导的虚拟句。
3. （2012年）Had we not used an out-of-date train schedule， we the train. （miss）
要不是用了一张过期的列车时刻表，我们就不会误了火车。
答案 wouldn’t have missed
考点 考查省略if的虚拟条件句
4.（2011年）If alcohol last night， I could have driven my car home. （drink）
如果我昨晚没有喝酒，我就能够开车回家。
答案 I had not drunk
考点 考查if条件句中的虚拟语气
5. （2010年） Mr Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention at the meeting. （discuss）
约翰逊先生主张在会上讨论那个值得关注的问题。
答案 （should） be discussed
考点 考查insist宾语从句后用虚拟语气。
下面我们归纳一下虚拟语气的考查要点，同学们需要在理解的基础上进行识记。
1. 在非真实性条件句中的用法
1）表示与现在事实相反
[if从句＼&主句＼&一般过去时（were）＼&would/should/could/might+动词原形＼&]
If I were you， I should accept the invitation.
If I had time， I would go there.
2）与过去事实相反
[if从句＼&主句＼&过去完成时＼&would/should/could/might+have done＼&]
If you had come earlier， you couldn’t/wouldn’t have missed the bus. （事实是来晚了，也没赶上车。）
If he had seen you yesterday， he would have returned your book. （事实上没见到，所以没还书。）
3） 与将来事实可能相反
[if从句＼&主句＼&一般过去时（be多用were）/should do/were to do＼&would/should/could/might+动词原形＼&]
If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow， the sports meet would be put off.
万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。）
4）if的省略
如果条件句中有were， had， should等助动词，可将if省略，把were， had或should置于句首，句子倒装。
Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow， the sports meeting would be put off.
Had he seen you yesterday， he would have returned your book.
5）混合时间条件句与主句
条件句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差，应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。
If you had followed the doctor’s advice， you would be fine now.
6）含蓄条件句与主句
即用without（=but for）， or（else）， otherwise代替if从句。
Without/But for his help， we wouldn’t have made such great progress.=If there hadn’t been/we hadn’t his help， we wouldn’t have made such great progress.
7）特殊结构的条件句
If it were not for...“如果没有……”表示与现在事实相反的假设。
If it had not been for...“如果当时没有”表示与过去事实相反的假设。 If it were not for his help， I could never go to college.
If it had not been for your help， we should have failed.
2. 在as if/as though引导的状语从句中的用法
在as if/as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用“倒退一个时间段”的方式来表达虚拟语气。即：如果与过去事实相反，句子用过去完成时；如果与现在或将来事实相反，句子就用一般过去时。
The man speaks as if he were a foreigner.
The speaker told us a lot about that country as though he had been there many times.
They talked as if they had been good friends for years.
注意 as if/as though从句中不一定要用虚拟语气。如果情况真实性、可能性很大，就要用正常时态表述。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 天看起来好像要下雨。（下雨的可能性很大。）
3.在wish引导的宾语从句中的用法
1. 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，宾语从句谓语为动词的过去完成式。
I wish I had passed yesterday’s exam. 要是我昨天的考试及格了就好了。
2.表示与现在事实相反的愿望，宾语从句谓语用did形式。
He wishes he was/were as clever as you.
I wish I had a large room to live in.
3.表示将来的愿望，宾语从句谓语用would/could do形式。
How I wish I would go abroad next year！
4.在would rather引导的宾语从句中的用法
1）表示与过去事实相反，宾从谓语为had done形式。
2）表示与现在和将来事实相反，宾从谓语用动词的一般过去式。
I would rather you went with me.
I would rather I hadn’t quarreled with her last night.
5. 虚拟语气用于if only 引导的感叹句中
1）过去时态（与现在或将来事实相反）
2）If only+主语+表示“要是……就好了”
3）过去完成时（与过去事实相反）
If only my frienls were here now！ （与现在事实相反）
If only I had taken his advice. （与过去事实相反）
If only I were a bird！ （要是我是一只鸟就好了！）
6. 在suggest，propose，demand，request，require，order，insist，recommend（建议），prefer，urge等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语为（should） do形式。
I suggest/propose/demand/request/require/order/insist that he （should） be sent to the nearest hospital as soon as possible.
注意 insist 作“坚持说，坚持认为”讲，不用虚拟语气。作“坚持要某人做某事”时用虚拟语气。
在学习中，同学们要总结规律，细化词条，把看似庞杂的语法概念梳理得井然有序，泾渭分明，真正做到“一览众山小”，才能在考场上立于不败之地。
1. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ？ （do）
是约翰打坏了窗户。为什么你对我谈话就好像是我做的这件事呢？
2. no modern telecommunications， we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. （be）
如果没有现代化的电讯，我们将不得不等待几周才能收到来自世界各地的消息。
3. We would rather our daughter ， with us， but it is her choice， and she is not a child any longer. （stay）
我们宁愿我们的女儿和我们待在家里，但这是她自己的选择，她不再是个孩子了。
4. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation， or they
our help. （come）
我们进行调查研究的那几个月他们刚好在国外，否则他们会来帮忙的。
5. If we ， we wouldn’t be standing here in a queue. （book） 如果我们早点儿预订了餐桌，现在就不必在这儿站着排队等候了。
6. I my cousin’s birthday party last night， but I was not available. （go）
昨晚我本来要去参加我堂妹的生日聚会的，但是我没有空。
7. If he had spent more time practising speaking English before， he would now. （speak）
如果他以前花费更多的时间练习英语口语的话，他现在就能说得更好。
8. Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she ， she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. （be）
格蕾丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为，如果她住到那里去，她就不能经常看到父母了。
9. We lost our way in that small village， otherwise we more places of interest yesterday. （visit）
我们在那个小村庄里迷了路，否则我们昨天就会看到更多的名胜。
10. We John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. （put）
要不是他目前的伤情，我们昨天就会把约翰的名字列到比赛的名单中了。
1. had done it
2. Were there/If there were
3. stayed at home
4. would have come to
5. had booked a table earlier
6. would have gone to （attend）
7. be able to speak it better
8. were to live there
9. would have visited
10. would have put