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一、引言地壳中总的钪含量为5—6×10~4％,比砷、硼、锑、铋、银和金都多,但钪却是典型的稀散元素。自然界含钪矿物繁多,然而真正具有工业意义的是铀、钍矿、锡、钨矿,某些铌铁矿,钽铁矿,稀土矿,锆石,铝土矿和云母等。目前全世界钪的年产量不超过40公斤,按1980年报导,金属钪在国际市场的售价为每磅2000—6800美元,可见钪仍是最贵重的金属之一,而且由于钪具有特殊的性质,因而在宇航、核技术、电子工业、超导技术、电光源、催化剂、磨料、医药等方面有着广泛的应用,並还在不断探索新的用途,国内外均在积极开展钪的提取工艺研究。
I. INTRODUCTION The total amount of scandium in the crust is 5-6 × 10 -4%, which is more than that of arsenic, boron, antimony, bismuth, silver and gold, but scandium is a typical rare-earth element. There are many natural scandium minerals in the world, but truly industrial uranium, thorium, tin, tungsten, some niobium, tantalite, rare earth minerals, zircon, bauxite and mica. At present, the annual production of scandium in the world does not exceed 40 kilos. According to reports in 1980, scandium metal is sold in the international market at a price of 2000-6800 US dollars per pound. Scandium is still one of the most valuable metals, and since scandium has special Therefore, it has been widely used in aerospace, nuclear technology, electronics industry, superconducting technology, electric light source, catalyst, abrasive, medicine and so on, and is still exploring new uses. Scandium extraction technology is actively carried out at home and abroad the study.