本文运用1995~2010期间130余万组世界出口贸易数据,对世界各国出口复杂度进行了全面测算。我们发现,发展中国家同发达国家的出口复杂度差距有缩小的趋势;随着以中国为代表的一般发展中国家出口总额的上升。一方面,其自身的出口复杂度提升;另一方面,发展中国家的参与拉低了世界上主要出口产品的复杂度指数。本文进一步分析了发展中国家人均购买力提升和吸引FDI是促进出口复杂度提升的动因。因此,若要提升出口竞争力,中国应巩固传统劳动密集性行业的出口份额优势,继续致力于提升本国居民消费能力、吸引FDI并加强对其技术外溢的利用。 This article uses the data of world export trade of more than 1.3 million sets from 1995 to 2010 to make a comprehensive estimation of the export complexity of all countries in the world. We find that there is a narrowing gap between the export complexity of developing countries and that of developed countries. As the total developing countries' exports, represented by China, increase, On the one hand, its own export complexities have increased; on the other hand, the participation of developing countries has lowered the complexity index of the world's major export products. This paper further analyzes that the increase of purchasing power of developing countries and the attraction of FDI are the motivation to promote the increase of export complexity. Therefore, in order to enhance its export competitiveness, China should consolidate the export share advantage of the traditional labor-intensive industries and continue to work to increase the consumption power of its residents, attract FDI and enhance the utilization of its technology spillovers.