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摘要： 词汇是贯穿英语学习的重中之重，英语学习过程中，学会应用一些技巧猜测词义，是学生正确理解文章，提高阅读能力的基石。
关键词： 语境 语法 句法 构词法
词汇是语言最基本的要素，英语教学离不开词汇教学。学生在阅读文章经常会碰到一些生词或是熟词生义的单词，不可能全部依赖字典，这就需要学生通过一些技巧来猜测词义，从而达到有效阅读的目的。熟词生义也是近年高考的考查要点，而学生的得分率却比较低。如何猜测词在文章中的正确含义，需要学生学会在阅读过程中根据阅读材料提供的背景知识和相关信息，进行分析、推敲，而不可仅仅凭借自己所了解的词义来确定其意思，那么如何进行有效性猜词，以下几种方法对学生将有所帮助。
一、利用上下文语境猜测词义
一. ，例如：
Some need coffee in the morning. I need the newspaper， except when I’m on vacation. Then I trade the routine for coffee， unless the hotel hangs a newspaper on my door.
题目：The underlined part “the routine” refers to _________.
A. reading the newspaper B. surfing the Internet
C. eating bread for breakfast D. hanging a newspaper on the door
我每天看报纸，除非度假。可见我的常规就是看报纸，除非度假时只好用喝咖啡取代看报纸。故选择A.
又如：Scientists in Israel have discovered a new way to test for water pollution by “listening to” what the plants growing in water have to say. By shining a laser beam on the tiny pieces of algae floating in the water， the researchers said they hear sound waves that tell them the type and amount of contamination in the water.
题目：The underlined word “contamination” in Paragraph1 probably means______
A. pollution B. oxygen C. waste D. population
选择A。上文说发现一种通过听水中植物的声音来检测水污染，后面研究人员说他们通过声波知道水中污染的类型和数量，可见contamination 与pollution 同义。
二、利用文中的举例猜测词义。
二. 常见的举例提示词有：for example， such as， for instance ，like等。如：
Although the hazards of the trip were many –for example， the unbearable heat， the lack of water， the possibility of getting lost， the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes---Collins nevertheless decided that she must go.
The underlined word “hazards” in Paragraph1 probably means______
A. pleasures B. conveniences C. dangers D. equipment
从for example 后面举的例子，如高温，缺水，迷路，遇见野兽，毒蛇，可知这些都是旅程中遇到的危险。
三. 三、利用文中的反义词猜测词义。表示对比的词如but， while， however， otherwise 等。
如： It leads men to eat more light meals， such as salads， fruit and vegetables， while women choose to make creamer， heavier dishes like curry or rich pasta sauces， which may please their partners.
The underlined word “light” in Paragraph 4 probably means______.
A. not very heavy in weight B. less in fat and sugar
C. gentle D. not serious or important
從下文（while）女性选择口味重的饮食，推出前一句讲男性吃清淡口味（B）。
四、利用文中说明词义的同位语或定语，猜测词义，有时也会用破折号提示
四. 。如：
Nearby is the race course， where the town’s most famous car race is held each year on May 30th.
关键词： 语境 语法 句法 构词法
词汇是语言最基本的要素，英语教学离不开词汇教学。学生在阅读文章经常会碰到一些生词或是熟词生义的单词，不可能全部依赖字典，这就需要学生通过一些技巧来猜测词义，从而达到有效阅读的目的。熟词生义也是近年高考的考查要点，而学生的得分率却比较低。如何猜测词在文章中的正确含义，需要学生学会在阅读过程中根据阅读材料提供的背景知识和相关信息，进行分析、推敲，而不可仅仅凭借自己所了解的词义来确定其意思，那么如何进行有效性猜词，以下几种方法对学生将有所帮助。
一、利用上下文语境猜测词义
一. ，例如：
Some need coffee in the morning. I need the newspaper， except when I’m on vacation. Then I trade the routine for coffee， unless the hotel hangs a newspaper on my door.
题目：The underlined part “the routine” refers to _________.
A. reading the newspaper B. surfing the Internet
C. eating bread for breakfast D. hanging a newspaper on the door
我每天看报纸，除非度假。可见我的常规就是看报纸，除非度假时只好用喝咖啡取代看报纸。故选择A.
又如：Scientists in Israel have discovered a new way to test for water pollution by “listening to” what the plants growing in water have to say. By shining a laser beam on the tiny pieces of algae floating in the water， the researchers said they hear sound waves that tell them the type and amount of contamination in the water.
题目：The underlined word “contamination” in Paragraph1 probably means______
A. pollution B. oxygen C. waste D. population
选择A。上文说发现一种通过听水中植物的声音来检测水污染，后面研究人员说他们通过声波知道水中污染的类型和数量，可见contamination 与pollution 同义。
二、利用文中的举例猜测词义。
二. 常见的举例提示词有：for example， such as， for instance ，like等。如：
Although the hazards of the trip were many –for example， the unbearable heat， the lack of water， the possibility of getting lost， the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes---Collins nevertheless decided that she must go.
The underlined word “hazards” in Paragraph1 probably means______
A. pleasures B. conveniences C. dangers D. equipment
从for example 后面举的例子，如高温，缺水，迷路，遇见野兽，毒蛇，可知这些都是旅程中遇到的危险。
三. 三、利用文中的反义词猜测词义。表示对比的词如but， while， however， otherwise 等。
如： It leads men to eat more light meals， such as salads， fruit and vegetables， while women choose to make creamer， heavier dishes like curry or rich pasta sauces， which may please their partners.
The underlined word “light” in Paragraph 4 probably means______.
A. not very heavy in weight B. less in fat and sugar
C. gentle D. not serious or important
從下文（while）女性选择口味重的饮食，推出前一句讲男性吃清淡口味（B）。
四、利用文中说明词义的同位语或定语，猜测词义，有时也会用破折号提示
四. 。如：
Nearby is the race course， where the town’s most famous car race is held each year on May 30th.