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在动物题材纪录片中,拟人化作为一种重要的叙事手法,体现为动物的人格化、性格化,也隐藏在纪录片的叙事结构中。因此,把拟人化手法作为一种独立的拍摄、制作技巧进行研究十分必要。一般来说,在纪录片中,处于限知视角或第一人称的叙述者给人感觉更加真实和可靠,这是由于故事叙述者与亲历者身份的重叠。但同时,处于全知视角或第三人称的叙述者又具备着优于限知视角的权威性与客观性,这是由于“对于全知视角下的叙述者来说,他的叙事动机不是导源于一种内在的生命冲动,更多的是出于一种审美的考虑,不能与一种本体存在意义上的冲动同日而语”。~①
In animal theme documentary, anthropomorphism as an important narrative technique is embodied in the personification and characterization of animals, and is also hidden in the narrative structure of documentaries. Therefore, it is necessary to study anthropomorphic techniques as an independent filming and production technique. In general, the narrator in a documentary, limited-view or first person, feels more authentic and reliable because of the overlap in the identities of the narrator and witness of the story. But at the same time, the narrator who is at the omniscient point of view or the third person possesses the authority and objectivity that is superior to the limited point of view. This is because "for the narrator in the omniscient point of view, his narrative motivation is not derived from one The inner impulse of life is more of an aesthetic consideration than the same impulse as the implied meaning of an ontology. ~ ①