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利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜对沁水盆地南部10个煤矿的3#煤与15#煤样品进行观察与研究,探讨了微裂隙的特征及其与煤岩组分的关系。研究发现微裂隙在3#煤与15#煤中普遍存在,15#煤裂隙较3#煤发育,但15#煤中的裂隙被矿物充填较严重。微裂隙在镜质组内最为发育,内生裂隙和外生裂隙均有发育,均质镜质体中的裂隙最为密集,其次是基质镜质体,其他显微组分中裂隙发育较少甚至不发育;惰质组中的裂隙主要发育于丝质体中,主要为外生裂隙中的张性裂隙,内生裂隙在高煤阶煤的惰质组中不发育。煤岩组分对煤中微裂隙的控制主要体现在成煤作用过程中,包括不同组分在泥炭化作用中吸收的水再释放、组分结构与生气量的综合作用及力学性质3个方面。
The samples of 3 # coal and 15 # coal from 10 coal mines in the southern Qinshui Basin were observed and studied by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The characteristics of micro-fractures and their relations with the composition of coal and rock were discussed. It is found that micro-cracks are ubiquitous in 3 # coal and 15 # coal, and 15 # coal is more developed than 3 # coal, but fissures in 15 # coal are more seriously filled by minerals. The micro-fissures are most developed in the vitrinite group, both endogenous fissures and exogenous fissures are developed, the fissures in the homogenous vitrinites are the most dense, followed by the matrix vitreous, and the fissures in other micro-components are less developed or even In the inertinite group, the fissures mainly developed in the filamentous body, mainly as zonal fissures in the exogenous fissures, which are not developed in the high-rank coal inertinite group. The control of micro-fissures in coal is mainly manifested in the process of coal formation, including the re-release of water absorbed by different components during peattization, the combined effect of component structure and gas production, and mechanical properties .