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在大田条件下,以3个抗旱性不同的春小麦品种为材料,通过控制灌水量和施氮量,研究旗叶叶绿素荧光特性对氮素和水分的响应.结果表明:小麦旗叶叶绿素质量分数、最大光化学效率、实际光化学效率及光化学淬灭系数均随施氮量的增加先升高后下降,非光化学淬灭系数、热耗散速率先降低后升高,但升高幅度较小.抗旱品种和尚头与西旱2号、不抗旱品种宁春4号在施氮量分别为150、225 kg/hm~2时,叶绿素质量分数、最大光化学效率、实际光化学效率、光化学淬灭系数最高,非光化学淬灭系数和热耗散速率最低.施氮量相同条件下,抗旱品种和尚头与西旱2号叶绿素荧光参数对灌水量响应的差异不显著,宁春4号充分灌水条件下的最大光化学效率、实际光化学效率、光化学淬灭系数均显著高于有限灌水,非光化学淬灭系数、热耗散速率则显著低于有限灌水.3品种小麦叶绿素质量分数与光化学效率和光化学淬灭系数呈正相关关系,与非光化学淬灭系数和热耗散速率呈负相关关系.增施氮肥有助于提高小麦叶片PSⅡ反应中心的开放比例和光化学效率,但施氮量过高(和尚头与西旱2号超过150 kg/hm~2,宁春4号超过225 kg/hm~2)导致小麦叶片将更大比例光能向热耗散分配,热耗散速率升高.抗旱品种叶绿素荧光参数受水分的影响小于不抗旱品种.
Under field conditions, three spring wheat varieties with different drought resistance were used to study the responses of flag leaf chlorophyll fluorescence to nitrogen and water by controlling the amount of irrigation and nitrogen application.The results showed that the chlorophyll content, The maximum photochemical efficiency, the actual photochemical efficiency and the photochemical quenching coefficient increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The non-photochemical quenching coefficient and the heat dissipation rate decreased first and then increased but the increase rate was small. The results showed that the chlorophyll content, the maximum photochemical efficiency, the actual photochemical efficiency and the photochemical quenching coefficient of the non-drought resistant cultivar Ningchun 4 were the highest when the nitrogen application rates were 150 and 225 kg / hm ~ 2 respectively, The quenching coefficient and the rate of heat dissipation are the lowest.The response of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Shangshang and Xihan No.2 to irrigation amount is not significant under the same nitrogen application rate.The maximum photochemical efficiency under full irrigation of Ningchun 4, The actual photochemical efficiency and photochemical quenching coefficient were significantly higher than the limited irrigation, non-photochemical quenching coefficient, heat dissipation rate was significantly lower than the limited irrigation .3 varieties of wheat leaf green There was a positive correlation between mass fraction and photochemical efficiency and photochemical quenching coefficient, which was negatively correlated with non-photochemical quenching coefficient and heat dissipation rate. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer could increase open ratio and photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ reaction center in wheat leaf, High N rates (more than 150 kg / hm ~ 2 for Hysen and Xiyan 2 and over 225 kg / hm ~ 2 for Ningchun 4) resulted in a greater proportion of light energy being distributed to the heat dissipation and heat dissipation The rate of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of drought-tolerant cultivars was less affected by water than drought-resistant ones.