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1 发生特点 玉米丝黑穗是侵染幼苗的系统性病害。抗病性差的品种发病率高,连作地块病重,轮作地块病轻;早播玉米或高寒阴冷的地块地温低、土壤含水量低、出苗时间拉长,增加了病菌侵染机会,表现发病率高;沙土地温高,发病轻;凡土层深厚、墒情较好的地块发病轻,而土层浅薄、蓄墒差的地块发病重;坐水播种的发病轻,干种地块发病重。 2 防治措施 2.1 选用抗病品种。选用抗病品种是防治此病的最根本措施,大力推广抗病丰产品种,如农大108、农大3138、冀丰58等,尽快压缩淘汰感病品种。 2.2 避免连作。做到合理轮作,重病区实行3年以上轮作,轻病地停种玉米1年,由于高粱丝黑穗病菌与玉米丝黑穗病菌不是同一专化型,因此,高粱可作轮作作物。 2.3 施用腐熟肥料。含有病残体的厩肥或堆肥,必须经充分腐熟后才有施用。
1 Occurrences Corn spikes are systemic diseases that infect seedlings. Disease resistance is poor, the incidence of high varieties, even for the mass sickness, crop rotation light disease; early sowing maize or alpine cold land low temperature, low soil moisture, the emergence of elongated, increasing the chances of pathogen infection, The incidence of high incidence of sand temperature is high, the incidence of light; Where the soil depth, soil moisture is better in the light of the disease, and shallow soil, poor soil moisture accumulation of heavy disease; Plot heavy disease. 2 control measures 2.1 Selection of disease-resistant varieties. The use of disease-resistant varieties is the most fundamental measure to prevent and control the disease. Vigorous promotion of disease-resistant varieties, such as Nong 108, Nongda 3138, Ji Feng 58, as soon as possible to eliminate the susceptible varieties. 2.2 avoid continuous operation. To achieve reasonable rotation, the implementation of more than 3 years of severe disease rotation, less light to stop maize for 1 year, because the sorghum head smut and corn head smut is not the same special type, therefore, sorghum can be crop rotation. 2.3 application of decomposed fertilizer. Manure or compost containing the disease must be thoroughly decomposed before application.