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为了改进燃料电池混合动力客车的燃油经济性,基于等效氢耗理论,对燃料电池混合动力系统能量管理算法进行了优化。首先建立了系统瞬时氢耗模型,在该模型中,系统瞬时氢耗分为燃料电池瞬时氢耗和蓄电池等效瞬时氢耗2个部分;而后采用最小二乘算法辨识了蓄电池模型待定系数,求解了系统瞬时氢耗最小化问题,探讨了瞬时优化问题的本质;最后以解析解为基础建立了能量管理优化算法,并在中国城市公交典型工况中进行实车试验。结果表明:该工况下所研究的燃料电池城市客车百公里氢耗为9.3 kg,比采用基于规则的能量管理算法降低2.1%;通过提高燃料电池系统效率、降低整车辅助功率和采用制动能量回收策略可进一步提高系统经济性。
In order to improve the fuel economy of fuel cell hybrid buses, the energy management algorithm of fuel cell hybrid system is optimized based on the theory of equivalent hydrogen consumption. Firstly, the instantaneous hydrogen consumption model of the system is established. In this model, the instantaneous hydrogen consumption of the system is divided into two parts: the instantaneous hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell and the equivalent instantaneous hydrogen consumption of the battery. Then, the undetermined coefficient of the battery model is identified by the least- The instantaneous hydrogen consumption minimization problem was discussed, and the nature of the transient optimization problem was discussed. Finally, an energy management optimization algorithm was established based on the analytic solution, and the actual vehicle test was carried out in the typical urban bus in China. The results show that the hydrogen consumption per kilometer of fuel cell city bus under this condition is 9.3 kg, which is 2.1% lower than that of the energy management algorithm based on rules. By improving fuel cell system efficiency, reducing auxiliary power of vehicle and adopting braking Energy recovery strategies can further improve system economics.