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本文针对中亚热带红壤丘陵岗地草地资源状况和土壤气候特点,总结了自1986～1990年对草种筛选、草地建植、草地管理、草地利用和养羊等方面比较系统的研究结果和生产结果,初步结论是:1.温季牧草越夏死亡原因是七八月高温干旱的相互影响.选择适应这一特定建植环境的草种和保苗技术,是红壤丘陵岗地建植人工草地的成败关键.2.提出了建植温、热混合型草地,实现四季供青的可行性.3.草地杂草的防治,应采取生物、物理方法为主,辅之以化学方法的综合技术措施.对肥料三要素的施用应因时有所侧重,在草地建植初期,三要素的效应是磷>氮>钾;以后则为钾>氮>磷。4.划区轮牧对合理利用草地非常重要,初建草地放牧强度要小,利用率应不超过30%为宜;二年以上的草地利用率,一般应控制在60％左右。5.种草养畜对控制水土流失有良好效果,天然草地和花生地的土壤流失量,分别比人工草地多2.4倍和4倍.6.在高温高湿的红壤丘陵区,只要抓好高温季节的管理,饲草料的生产供应和疾病防治三个环节,完全可以养好绵羊。7.在合理经营下,种草养羊的年亩平均净产值比同等条件下的旱作农业高7.7%,经济效益明显。8.提出了今后要重视继续筛选温、热两季豆科牧草和温季禾本科牧草.考虑红壤丘陵岗地利用上的多宜性,要深入研究种草养畜两个能量转化效的提高;研究草林、草果、草与农作的合理结合,提高综合经济效益.
Based on the grassland resource status and soil climate characteristics of hilly red soils in subtropical China, this paper summarized the research results and production results of grassland screening, grassland management, grassland management, grassland utilization and sheep raising from 1986 to 1990, The preliminary conclusions are as follows: (1) The reason of the death of warm season pasture in summer is the interaction of high temperature and drought in July and August.The selection of grass species and seedling conservation techniques to adapt to this specific planting environment is the key to the success of artificial grassland in hilly red soil mound. Proposed the establishment of warm and hot mixed grassland, to achieve the feasibility of four seasons for greening.3.The prevention and treatment of weeds should adopt biological and physical methods, combined with chemical methods of comprehensive technical measures.For the fertilizer The application of the three elements should be due to be focused on the early grassland construction, the three elements of the effect of phosphorus> nitrogen> potassium; later potassium> nitrogen> phosphorus. 4. Grazing rotation is very important for the rational use of grassland. Grassland grazing intensity should be small in initial establishment and the utilization rate should not exceed 30%. Grassland utilization rate for more than two years should be controlled at about 60%. Grassland and animal husbandry have good effect on controlling soil and water loss, and soil loss in natural grassland and peanut land are 2.4 times and 4 times more than that in artificial grassland respectively. (6) In high-temperature and high-humid red soil hilly region, Seasonal management, forage production and supply and disease prevention and control of three links, can raise sheep. 7. Under reasonable management, the average annual net output value of grass-growing sheep is 7.7% higher than that of dry farming under the same conditions, with obvious economic benefits. In the future, we put forward that we should continue to select the warm and heat two-season leguminous pasture and the warm season gramineous grass.We should further study the improvement of energy conversion efficiency of two kinds of grass-raising and livestock breeding, Forestry, grass and fruit, grass and farming a reasonable combination of improving the overall economic efficiency.