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因为民族学是研究“人”而不是研究“物”的学科,所以,在面对一个物质文化现象时,民族学家感兴趣的往往不是物质本身,而是物与人及人与人之间的关系。在民族学家看来,人们围绕某物而产生的关系,即人们之间受物质资料调节的社会关系,往往更为重要。让我们试举几个例子来阐明这一层含义。一、在研究一个民族的饮食特征时,我们首先要从饮食在人类社会中发挥着许多功能这一事实着手。要知道,食物和饮料并不仅仅是用来止渴充饥,满足人类的基本生物性需要,它还是人们之间进行社会交往的重要媒介。从石器时代早期人类共食捕获到的动物的习惯,
Because ethnology is a discipline that studies “people” rather than “things,” ethnologists are often not interested in material things in the face of a material-cultural phenomenon, but rather in the relationship between things and people and between people Relationship. In the opinion of ethnologists, it is often more important for people to relate around something, that is, the social relations between people regulated by material data. Let us try a few examples to clarify the meaning of this layer. First, when studying the dietary characteristics of a nation, we must start with the fact that diet plays many functions in human society. You know, food and drink are not just used to quench their thirst and satisfy the basic biological needs of human beings. They are also important media for social interaction among people. The habit of animals captured by humans in the early Stone Age,