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一、当代日本中小学道德教育的特色 20世纪80年代以来,在发达资本主义国家新保守主义和新自由主义势力抬头的背景下,在共同面临校内暴力、欺侮、不良行为、价值冲突等道德危机的状况下,当代日本中小学道德教育和美英等国的中小学道德教育有一些共同点。一是都强调正面的道德教育,提倡普遍伦理或普遍价值,二是都强调道德教育为政治、经济服务的工具性;三是在管理上都采取国家干预和地方分权相结合的方法。但是,由于东西方的文化传统不同,道德教育的历史发展不同以及当代社会发展状况的不同,日本中小学道德教育仍然有其自身发展的特点。特别是20世纪80年代以来的日本中小学道德教育在保持明治维新以来原有特色的同时,又带有时代的烙印。
I. Characteristics of Moral Education in Contemporary Japanese Primary and Secondary Schools Since the 1980s, under the background of the rise of the forces of neoconservatism and neoliberalism in the developed capitalist countries, they have faced the moral crisis such as intra-school violence, bullying, bad behavior and value conflict The moral education in contemporary primary and secondary schools in Japan and the moral education in primary and secondary schools in the United States and Britain have some similarities. First, both emphasize positive moral education and advocate universal ethics or universal values. Second, they all emphasize the instrumental nature of moral education as a political and economic service. Third, they all adopt a combination of state intervention and decentralization in management. However, due to the different cultural traditions of East and West, the different historical development of moral education and the different social development, the moral education in Japan’s primary and secondary schools still has its own characteristics of development. Especially since the 1980s, the moral education in primary and secondary schools in Japan has maintained the original characteristics since the Meiji Restoration, and at the same time, it has the imprint of the times.