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(一)规模经济障碍:我国企业的研究、开发、生产、销售规模比较小,很多不能实现规模经济,影响成本竞争。(二)产品差异障碍:已经在国际市场上立足的名牌货和顾客偏好,是我国企业在进入国际市场的早期可能遇到的障碍,需要努力加以解决。(三)转换成本障碍:购买者本来使用甲产品,要改用乙产品,这可能导致增加一系列成本,而且要中断购买者和原供应商的关系。因此,如果转换成本太高,则易遇到更大的困难。
(1) Economic barriers to scale: The scale of research, development, production, and sales of Chinese companies is relatively small, and many cannot achieve economies of scale and affect cost competition. (2) Obstacles to product differentiation: Brand-name goods and customer preferences that have already established a foothold in the international market are obstacles that Chinese companies may encounter in entering the international market in the early stages and they need to be resolved. (III) Switching cost barriers: If a buyer originally used a product, he must switch to a B product. This may lead to a series of costs, and the buyer’s relationship with the original supplier must be interrupted. Therefore, if the conversion cost is too high, it is easy to encounter more difficulties.