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作者对激光表面处理的各种方法和现有技术水平进行了综述介绍,并就其在改善金属材料表面摩擦磨损性能方面的研究和应用,以及今后的发展都作了简要的分析和讨论。激光相变硬化能使处理的工件形成具有表面压应力的硬质马氏体表面,因而可以降低表面的磨损速率。在金属工件上通过激光包覆高抗磨、抗热、抗腐蚀和抗疲劳的高硬质合金甚至致密陶瓷,在严格控制工件材料对包覆合金稀释的情况下,可使底材获得高的摩擦学性能。激光合金化通过选择合金元素和基底材料能有选择地改进低成本工件的表面,使其具有优异的物理、化学和机械性能。激光上釉是通过细化铸造组织、减少偏析及形成高度过饱和固溶体等亚稳定相乃至非晶态而提高了材料的耐磨性、抗氧化性和抗腐蚀性能。激光冲击硬化是通过在材料表层内形成冲击波而引起“损伤”来改变表层的组织和性能。
The author reviewed various methods of laser surface treatment and the state of the art and made a brief analysis and discussion on their research and application in improving the friction and wear properties of metal materials and their future development. Laser phase-hardening allows the treated workpiece to form a hard martensitic surface with surface compressive stress, thereby reducing the surface wear rate. In the metal parts by laser cladding high wear-resistant, heat, corrosion and fatigue resistance of high cemented carbide and even dense ceramic, the workpiece material in the strict control of the coating alloy dilution, the substrate can get high Tribological properties. Laser alloying improves the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of low cost workpieces selectively by selecting alloying elements and base materials. Laser glazing improves the wear resistance, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of the material by refining the cast structure, reducing segregation and forming metastable phases such as highly supersaturated solid solutions and even amorphous phases. Laser shock hardening changes the texture and properties of the skin by causing “damage” by the formation of shock waves in the skin of the material.