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齐齐哈尔市水土流失面积2.28万km2,占全市总土地面积的54%。水土流失仍在发展之中,面积不断扩大,但速度减缓;强度增加,黑土层变薄,以面蚀为主;侵蚀沟的数量在增加,沟道继续扩展,土壤养分下降;河流泥沙缓慢增加。据实测黑土层剥蚀掉30 cm时,玉米产量只有对照的4.3%~26.3%,几乎绝产;大豆产量为对照的40.8%~54.9%。当黑土层剥蚀掉10 cm时,玉米产量是对照的81.3%~95.3%,大豆产量是对照的89.9%~96.9%。东北黑土区因水土流失已造成每年粮食减产1 921万t。通过对齐齐哈尔地区水土流失发展势态的预测,根据本地区的实际情况,从技术上提出治理水土流失的方法和对策。
Qiqihar soil erosion area of 22,800 km2, accounting for 54% of the total land area of the city. The soil and water loss is still under development and the area is expanding but the speed is slowing down. The strength is increasing and the black soil layer is thinning with surface erosion as the main factor. The number of erosion ditches is increasing, the channel continues to expand and the soil nutrient is decreasing. increase. According to the measured black soil eroded 30 cm, the corn yield is only 4.3% ~ 26.3% of the control, almost absolutely obsolete; soybean yield 40.8% ~ 54.9% of the control. When the black soil was eroded by 10 cm, the yield of maize was 81.3% ~ 95.3% of the control and the yield of soybean was 89.9% ~ 96.9% of the control. The black soil area in northeastern China has caused an annual decrease of 19.21 million tons of grain due to soil erosion. Based on the prediction of the development of soil and water loss in Qihar, according to the actual situation in our region, we put forward the technical methods and countermeasures to control soil and water loss.