唯物史观认为社会历史过程是历史主体和历史客体在实践的基础上的双向互动过程。唯物史观的创始人正是从历史主体和历史客体这两个视角来考察和研究社会历史的。因而要正确理解唯物史观的内容和实质 ,就必须紧紧抓住这两个视角。但这些年来人们对历史主体研究得较多 ,对历史客体则很少研究。本文是在对历史客体和认识客体的比较后 ,来尝试揭示历史客体的内涵、四种基本类型和特性 Historical Materialism considers social historical process as a two-way interaction process between historical subject and historical object on the basis of practice. The founder of historical materialism precisely examines and studies social history from both the historical subject and the historical object. Therefore, to correctly understand the content and essence of historical materialism, we must grasp these two perspectives. However, in recent years, people have studied more about the subject of history and rarely studied of the object of history. This article attempts to reveal the connotation of the historical object after comparing the historical object with the cognitive object, and the four basic types and characteristics