Adjuvant treatment in biliary tract cancer: To treat or not to treat?

来源 :World Journal of Gastroenterology | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:xiaomei52689
下载到本地 , 更方便阅读
声明 : 本文档内容版权归属内容提供方 , 如果您对本文有版权争议 , 可与客服联系进行内容授权或下架
论文部分内容阅读
Biliary tract cancer is a rare malignant tumor. There is limited knowledge about biology and natural history of this disease and considerable uncertainty remains regarding its optimal diagnostic and therapeutic man- agement. The role of adjuvant therapy is object of debate and controversy. Although resection is identified as the most effective and the only potentially curative treatment, there is no consensus on the impact of ad- juvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy on the high incidence of disease recurrence and on survival. This is mainly due to the rarity of this disease and the consequent difficulty in performing randomized trials. The only two prospectively controlled trials concluded that adjuvant chemotherapy did not improve survival. Most of the retrospective trials, which had limited sample size and included heterogeneous patients population and non-standardized therapies, suggested a marginal benefit of chemoradiotherapy in reducing locoregional recurrence and an uncertain impact on survival. Welldesigned multi-institutional randomized trials are necessary to clarify the role of adjuvant therapy. Two ongoing phase Ⅲ trials may provide relevant information. There is limited knowledge about biology and natural history of this disease and considerable uncertainty remains concerning its optimal diagnostic and therapeutic man- agement. The role of adjuvant therapy is object of debate and controversy. identified as the most effective and the only potentially curative treatment, there is no consensus on the impact of ad-juvant chemotherapy and / or radiotherapy on the high incidence of disease recurrence and on survival. This is mainly due to the rarity of this disease and the consequent difficulty in performing randomized trials. The only two prospectively controlled trials said that adjuvant chemotherapy did not improve survival. Most of the retrospective trials, which had limited sample size and included heterogeneous patients population and non-standardized therapies, suggested a marginal benefit of chemoradiotherapy in reducing locoregional recurrence and an uncertain impact on survival. Welldesigned multi-institutional randomized trials are necessary to clarify the role of adjuvant therapy. Two ongoing phase III trials may provide relevant information.
其他文献
由于单传感器在导弹的目标识别和跟踪方面存在的固有缺陷,近年来,数据融合技术在这一方面得到广泛地应用和研究。文中提出了在双模( 雷达,红外) 数据融合方案中,结合雷达目标特征的
引言辐射诱发果树营养体的突变是发生在个别细胞内,由突变细胞衍生的突变组织和原组织常以突变嵌合体的形式存在。因此,分离选择突变体技术是获得突变体的关键。为了给分离
1.利用安全锤。紧急情况下,乘客可用“安全锤”击碎侧窗玻璃逃生。万一找不到安全锤怎么办?也可以找一些身边的尖锐硬物,比如女士可以用高跟鞋的后跟,男士可用腰带扣,将玻璃
一、前言柑桔为常绿果树,养分摄取活动全年都进行着,而以花期和生长旺盟季节需肥最多,一般是在3——4月间及7——9月间。就营养元素而论,除了氮、磷、钾以外,镁、硼、锌、锰
目的:研究基层医院的乳腺脓肿在超声引导下置管冲洗负压引流治疗的临床疗效.方法:从本院2015年10月-2020年6月期间收治的乳腺脓肿患者中抽取100例作为研究对象,对患者进行分
目的:探讨健康教育在老年高血压临床护理中的效果.方法:本次研究共纳入80例研究对象,均为2019-07月至2020-07月期间在我院诊治的老年高血压患者,其中有40例患者在本研究接受
目的:分析超声雾化在耳鼻喉科疾病中的应用价值.方法:选取2018年10月-2020年10月耳鼻喉科疾病患者102例作为研究对象,采用计算机随机分配为两组,每组51例,对照组行常规用药治
摘要:自恢复生物高考之后,生物学迅猛的发展一发而不可收拾。而今,生物学朝着人类自身研究和环境保护的方向发展,如克隆、生物制药、人口控制、环境质量和生物多样性等研究方向,都将对社会发展起到积极的促进作用。在我国新课改形势下,高中生物就有了一个深入发展的契机,本文就如何设置高中生物课程来抓住这个契机进行探究。  关键词:高中生物;课程设置;课程现状  高中生物教育的现状是“课程少,授课方式单一”,没有
针对河岸崩塌问题分析和研究,在考虑江河水位升降引起坡外水压力变化及坡内非稳定渗流基础上,同时考虑水流冲刷引起的河床冲深及河岸后退,提出了水流冲刷过程中的边坡临界滑
采用理论分析结合工程实例,对大直径嵌岩扩底桩进行了低应变反射波检测与钻芯法检测,通过对低应变反射波形特征分析,并结合钻芯检测结果的对比分析,得出了当嵌岩质量较好时反