Improved Prediction and Reduction of Sampling Density for Soil Salinity by Different Geostatistical

来源 :Agricultural Sciences in China | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:lcsj652
下载到本地 , 更方便阅读
声明 : 本文档内容版权归属内容提供方 , 如果您对本文有版权争议 , 可与客服联系进行内容授权或下架
论文部分内容阅读
The spatial estimation for soil properties was improved and sampling intensities also decreased in terms of incorporated auxiliary data. In this study, kriging and two interpolation methods were proven well to estimate auxiliary variables: cokriging and regression-kriging, and using the salinity data from the first two stages as auxiliary variables, the methods both improved the interpolation of soil salinity in coastal saline land. The prediction accuracy of the three methods was observed under different sampling density of the target variable by comparison with another group of 80 validation sample points, from which the root-mean-square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (r) between the predicted and measured values were calculated. The results showed, with the help of auxiliary data, whatever the sample size of the target variable may be, cokriging and regression-kriging performed better than ordinary kriging. Moreover, regression- kriging produced on average more accurate predictions than cokriging. Compared with the kriging results, cokriging improved the estimations by reducing RMSE from 23.3 to 29% and increasing r from 16.6 to 25.5%, regression-kriging improved the estimations by reducing RMSE from 25 to 41.5% and increasing r from 16.8 to 27.2%. Therefore, regression- kriging shows promise for improved prediction for soil salinity and reduction of soil sampling intensity considerably while maintaining high prediction accuracy. Moreover, in regression-kriging, the regression model can have any form, such as generalized linear models, non-linear models or tree-based models, which provide a possibility to include more ancillary variables. The spatial estimation for soil properties was improved and sampling intensities also decreased in terms of incorporated auxiliary data. Ckriging and regression-kriging, and using the salinity data from the first two stages as auxiliary variables, the methods both improved the interpolation of soil salinity in coastal saline land. The prediction accuracy of the three methods was observed under different sampling density of the target variable by comparison with another group of 80 validation sample points, from which the root-mean-square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (r) between the predicted and measured values ​​were calculated. The results showed, with the help of auxiliary data, whatever the sample size of the target variable may be, cokriging and regression-kriging performed better than ordinary kriging. Moreover, regression-kriging produced on average more accurate pr Compared with the kriging results, cokriging improved the estimations by reducing RMSE from 23.3 to 29% and increasing r from 16.6 to 25.5%, regression-kriging improved the estimations by reducing RMSE from 25 to 41.5% and increasing r from 16.8 to 27.2%. Thus, regression-kriging shows promise for improved prediction for soil salinity and reduction of soil sampling intensity yet while maintaining high prediction accuracy. Furthermore, in regression-kriging, the regression model can have any form, such as generalized linear models , non-linear models or tree-based models, which provide a possibility to include more ancillary variables.
其他文献
“婴幼儿时期是人的一生中发展最快、可塑性最强的时期,是人的身心各方面素质发展的奠基阶段。”要从根本上为学前教育的发展扫清障碍、铺路搭桥,全国人大常委、民进中央副主
《诗经》不仅先秦时期是一部现实主义的文学作品和研究先秦时期社会历史的珍贵文献,而且也是我们研究先秦时期尤其是西周、春秋时期地理环境颇有价值的第一手材料。其中各篇
在简谐运动单摆部分的学习中,笔者利用DIS实验进行辅助教学,取得了较好的教学效果。与传统实验相比,DIS实验在这部分教学中有着方便、快捷、准确、可操作性强的优点。具体教
警惕用一种倾向掩盖另一种倾向当前,一些学校在落实课改新理念时,以改变“满堂灌”为突破口,搞一刀切,将课堂机械地切割为自主学习、小组讨论与教师讲授时间,甚至规定每节课
课外阅读是学生在“黑板”和“四堵墙壁”之外去体验社会生活、提高道德修养、感悟人生境界、陶冶精神品格的一种途径和方式。人人都知道它的重要性,然而,说起中学生的课外阅读,我们的语文老师却是牢骚满腹:学生重理轻文,无视课外阅读;家长不懂配合,放任孩子自流;图书市场不够规范,读物低俗不堪。这就是如今中学生课外阅读的尴尬局面。   作为一位从教多年的语文教师,我也是在这满腹的牢骚和无奈中走过来的。如今猛然回
建立美观、健康、稳定、高效的咬合,是正畸医生的治疗目标之一。然而,目前正畸治疗的咬合标准大都局限于静态,对于动态即功能状态下的咬合状况研究较少。某些患者在治疗
打开熟悉的登录界面,小小的登录框里这样的标语格外醒目:“我要一片蓝天。”这是某软件登录界面的标语。一瞬间,我突然想起了今天拿到的这个题目“我能为环保做什么”。老实
11.9各类建筑照明设计要求11.9.1住宅(公寓)电气照明11.9.1.1住宅(公寓)照明宜选用以白炽灯、稀土节能荧光灯为主的照明光源。11.9.1.2住宅(公寓)中的灯具,可根据厅、室使用条件选用升降式灯具。11.9.1.3起居室的照明宜
品牌资产是企业重要的无形资产,能够为企业创造利润,带来价值。本文分析了品牌资产的概念和构成维度,从顾客体验入手,对品牌资产提升的动因、机理和策略进行分析,构建了顾客
目的调查照顾者协助脑卒中患者自我管理相关知识与行为现状,并分析两者之间的关系。方法采用脑卒中防治知识问卷和基于疾病自我管理下照顾行为评估问卷对270例脑卒中患者主要