克隆(Clone)是从一个祖细胞衍生而来的细胞群。克隆中的每个细胞的遗传物质完全相同,因而每个细胞所产生的抗体也完全相同。人们利用这种(单)克隆细胞所产生的抗体,来获得特异的抗体,即单克隆抗体(McAb)。要取得大量的McAb,就需要在体外培养繁殖产生抗体的 B 细胞,但淋巴细胞本身很难在体外生长繁殖,所以无法获得纯一的抗体。鉴于骨髓瘤细胞既能在试管瓶罐中培养、迅速大量繁殖,且能合成大量的不正常免疫球蛋白(Ig)。这种 Ig 也是单克隆的。然而它们不能产生特异性抗体。因此,有人设想把产生抗体的淋巴细胞与骨髓瘤细胞融合,使之形成杂交瘤细 Clone is a population of cells derived from one progenitor cell. Each cell in the clone has exactly the same genetic material, so the antibodies produced by each cell are exactly the same. The use of this (single) clonal cell-generated antibodies, to obtain a specific antibody, the monoclonal antibody (McAb). To obtain a large quantity of McAb, it is necessary to culture and produce antibody-producing B cells in vitro. However, it is difficult for lymphocytes to grow and breed in vitro, so that they can not obtain pure antibodies. Given that myeloma cells can be cultured in vitro in vials, they multiply rapidly and can synthesize large amounts of abnormal immunoglobulins (Ig). This Ig is also monoclonal. However, they do not produce specific antibodies. Therefore, it is envisaged that antibody-producing lymphocytes will be fused with myeloma cells to form hybridomas