遗传资源是人类宝贵财富,保存和利用它是维持和提高人类生活极其重要的工作。虽然遗传资源的收集和保存有着种种困难,但它的成果可以通过对植物体和种子的利用来表示。育种的成果可以说取决予如何进行评价与利用遗传资源所具有的基因。然而,育种的现状只是在使用遗传资源当中,仅仅很少的部分才表现为成果,这是因为对遗传资源的利用上存在困难。笔者长期从事把外国籼稻的病虫害抗性遗传基因导入到日本的粳稻品种的工作,获得了不少有关遗传资源与基因源的知识,可供今 Genetic resources are the precious asset of humankind. The preservation and utilization of genetic resources is an extremely important task in maintaining and enhancing human life. Although there are difficulties in the collection and conservation of genetic resources, their results can be expressed through the use of plants and seeds. The results of breeding can be said to depend on how genes for genetic resources are evaluated and used. However, the status quo of breeding is only the use of genetic resources, and only a small part of it shows up as an outcome because of difficulties in the utilization of genetic resources. The author has long been engaged in the work of introducing the foreign pest resistance genes of indica rice to japonica rice varieties in japan and obtained a lot of knowledge about genetic resources and gene sources for this