Background:Female genital malformations represent miscellaneous deviations from normal anatomy.This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of patients who underwent surgery for genital tract malformations at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) during a 31-year period.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed surgical cases of congenital malformation of the female genital tract at PUMCH for a 31-year period,analyzed the clinical characteristics of 1634 hospitalized patients,and investigated their general condition,diagnosis,and treatment process.Results:The average patient age was 27.6 ± 9.9 years.The average ages of patients who underwent surgery for uterine malformation and vaginal malformation were 31.9 ± 8.8 years and 24.7 ± 9.0 years,respectively;these ages differed significantly (P ＜ 0.01).Among patients with genital tract malformation,the percentages of vaginal malformation,uterine malformation,vulva malformation,cervical malformation,and other malformations were 43.9％,43.5％,7.4％,2.3％,and 2.8％,respectively.Among patients with uterine malformation,34.5％ underwent surgery for the genital tract malformation,whereas in patients with vaginal malformation,the proportion is 70.6％;the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).The percentage of complications of the urinary system in patients with vaginal malformations was 10.2％,which was statistically significantly higher than that (5.3％) in patients with uterine malformations (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions:Compared to patients with uterine malformations,patients with vaginal malformations displayed more severe clinical symptoms,a younger surgical age,and a greater need for attention,early diagnosis,and treatment.Patients with genital tract malformations,particularly vaginal malformations,tend to have more complications of the urinary system and other malformations than patients with uterine malformations.