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电荷耦合图像传感器是一种能将光学图像转换成模拟电信号的固体光电转换器件。电荷耦合图像传感器是在1970年电荷耦合器件(CCD)发明之后发展起来的新器件。十余年来,它的发展十分迅速,不仅像元数不断增加,例如线列已有5000像元,而且性能也逐步提高,如转移效率已达99.999％以上,噪声可小于10个电子/像元,灵敏度已超过光导摄像管。近年来用于电视摄像的单片彩色电荷耦合图像传感器已得到广泛的重视,并取得了很大的发展,目前已开始进入民用市场。用于红外波段、X射线波段和电子束探测的电荷耦合图像传感器也都试制成功,并开始在实验中应用。
Charge-coupled image sensors are solid-state photoelectric conversion devices that convert optical images into analog electrical signals. Charge-coupled image sensors were developed in 1970 after the invention of charge-coupled devices (CCDs). For more than a decade, its development has been very rapid. Not only has the number of elements increased, for example, the number of lines has been 5000 pixels, but performance has also been gradually improved. For example, the transfer efficiency has reached more than 99.999% and the noise can be less than 10 electrons / Yuan, the sensitivity has exceeded the light guide tube. In recent years, the single-chip color CCD image sensor for television camera has received extensive attention and has made great progress. At present, it has begun to enter the civilian market. Charge-coupled image sensors for the infrared, X-ray, and electron beam probing have also been trial-produced successfully and are beginning to be used experimentally.