目的　探讨儿童单纯疱诊病毒性脑炎 (HSE)的临床特点及诊治方法。方法　回顾分析 8例HSE的临床表现及特异的检测及治疗方法。结果　HSE患儿多以发热、意识障碍、抽搐、偏瘫为表现 ,头颅CT或MRI有特异征象 ,脑脊液 (CSF)PCR -HSV -DNA诊断意义大 ,阿昔洛韦 (ACV)治疗有特效。结论　儿童HSE病情重 ,预后差 ,多有偏瘫等后遗症 ,须及时诊治 ,ACV是特效的抗病毒药物。 Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment of children with simplex viral encephalitis (HSE). Methods Retrospective analysis of 8 cases of HSE clinical manifestations and specific detection and treatment. Results Most of children with HSE had fever, disturbance of consciousness, convulsions and hemiparesis, with specific signs of cranial CT or MRI. PCR-HSV-DNA of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was of great diagnostic value, and acyclovir (ACV) had special effects. Conclusions Children with HSE are in severe condition with poor prognosis. They often have hemiplegia and other sequelae. They should be diagnosed and treated timely. ACV is an antiviral drug with special effects.