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目的探讨2010年麻疹疫苗强化免疫后疫情回升原因,为卫生行政部门制订防控措施提供依据。方法分别比较2011-2013年与2010年麻疹病例分布情况,对麻疹疫苗免疫史、发病前医院暴露史进行卡方检验,探讨疫情回升原因。结果 2010年全国麻疹疫苗强化免疫后,2011年南阳市麻疹疫情下降至1/100万以下,2012年稍有回升,2013年反弹明显。2011、2012年确诊病例有免疫接种史者所占比例高于2010年,差异有统计学意义,而2013年与2010年比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2011年确诊病例发病前7~21 d医院暴露史与2010年比较差异无统计学意义,2012、2013年发病前医院暴露史明显增多,前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论持续保持高水平麻疹疫苗及时接种率和控制院内感染是控制麻疹疫情的主要措施。
Objective To investigate the reasons for the rise of the epidemic after the 2010 measles vaccine immunization and provide the basis for the health administrative departments to formulate prevention and control measures. Methods The distribution of measles cases in 2011-2013 and 2010 were compared respectively. The history of measles vaccine immunization and the history of prehospital hospitalization were analyzed by chi-square test to find out the reasons for the rise of measles cases. Results After the 2010 national measles vaccine intensified immunity, the measles epidemic in Nanyang dropped below 1/100 million in 2011, rebounded slightly in 2012 and rebounded significantly in 2013. In 2011 and 2012, the proportion of confirmed cases with immunization history was higher than that of 2010 with statistically significant differences, but there was no significant difference between 2013 and 2010 (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in hospital exposure history between 2011 and 2011 before the onset of disease. The hospitalization history before 2012 and 2013 was significantly increased (P <0.05). Conclusions The main measures to control the outbreak of measles are to keep the high vaccination rate of measles vaccine in a timely manner and control the nosocomial infection.