氨基酸和小肽是微生物内重要的活性组分和代谢产物。随着现代分析技术的日益革新,微生物氨基酸和小肽的定性定量分析方法也在不断发展。本文首先从淬灭、提取、样品衍生化和浓缩几个方面对微生物样品前处理方法做了介绍;进而分别从分离技术和检测方法两方面综述了氨基酸和小肽研究中所采用相关技术的特点及应用实例,并系统分析了各种方法的优缺点,同时展望了其发展趋势。 Amino acids and small peptides are important active components and metabolites in microorganisms. With the development of modern analytical techniques, qualitative and quantitative methods for the determination of amino acids and small peptides in microorganisms are also being developed. In this paper, the methods of pretreatment of microbial samples are introduced firstly from the aspects of quenching, extraction, sample derivatization and concentration. Then the characteristics of related technologies used in the study of amino acids and small peptides are reviewed respectively from the aspects of separation techniques and detection methods And application examples, and systematically analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various methods, and also prospects its development trend.