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目的探讨个体水平和社区食品环境因素对小学生超重肥胖的影响,为制定儿童超重肥胖的干预措施提供理论依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取大理市小学生4 354名。采用体格测量、问卷调查等方法收集数据,利用多水平模型进行影响因素分析。结果大理市小学生超重率为8.5%,其中男生为10.4%,女生为8.5%;肥胖率为7.7%,其中男生为9.3%,女生为6.1%。社区食品密度、年龄、性别、家庭经济条件、看电视时间、运动次数、是否喜食零食以及父母亲是否超重和肥胖等因素与小学生超重肥胖相关。结论个人、家庭、社会应该加强对小学生超重肥胖发生及其危害的认识,采取综合干预措施,特别是改善社区食品环境,以降低儿童超重肥胖率。
Objective To explore the effect of individual level and community food environmental factors on overweight and obesity in primary school students, and to provide theoretical basis for the intervention of children overweight and obesity. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to extract 4 354 pupils in Dali City. The data were collected by physical measurement, questionnaire and other methods, and the influencing factors were analyzed by multi-level model. Results The overweight rate of pupils in Dali City was 8.5%, of which 10.4% were for boys and 8.5% for girls; the obesity rate was 7.7%, of which 9.3% were for boys and 6.1% for girls. Community food density, age, gender, family economic conditions, watching TV time, number of sports, whether to eat snacks and whether parents are overweight and obesity and other factors related to overweight and obesity in primary school students. Conclusion Individuals, families and society should strengthen their understanding of the incidence and harm of overweight and obesity among primary school students and adopt comprehensive interventions, especially to improve the food environment in communities so as to reduce their overweight and obesity rates.