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The aim of this study is to explore potential pathogenicity of Mycoplasma penetrans, and to investigate whether M. penetrans lipid-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs) could induce human monocytic cell line (THP-1) to produce some proinflammatory cytokines in vitro, including interleukin-1β (IL1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-8. THP-1 was stimulated with different concentrations of M. penetrans LAMPs and at different time to analyze the production of human IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-8.The protein levels of human IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-8 were measured by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) and the mRNA levels of these proinflammatory cytokines were detected by reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR). It was demonstrated in the present study that the production of IL-1β, TNF-αand IL-8 increased in dose- and time-dependent manner after stimulation with M. penetrans LAMPs in THP-1 cells. M.penetrans LAMPs also induced the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-8 mRNA. The production of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-8 and the expression of mRNA were down-regulated by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). This study demonstrated that M. penetrans LAMPs can induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines in human monocytic cells in vitro, thus suggesting that it may be an important etiological factor.