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【摘要】完形填空是高中英语试卷中综合性最强的题型,对词义的辨析、语篇的理解等有很高要求。笔者根据工作经验,针对近年来对完形填空的考查趋势,总结四种“找提示”的应对策略,使考生在试卷上获得满意的结果。
【关键词】完形填空 考查趋势 应对策略 找提示
【中图分类号】G633.41 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-3089(2019)51-0099-01
完形填空是高中英语试卷中综合性最强的题型,对词义的辨析、语篇的理解等有很高要求。完形填空主要从两个维度来考查学生,一是学生的思辨能力和理解能力,二是学生对词汇的运用能力。学生通过理性思考、恰当的技巧和方法,就可以在试卷上获得满意的结果。下面是笔者的一些经验习得。
一、完形填空考查趋势
第一,以夹叙夹议的文章为主。
第二,注重文章逻辑性与完整性,单纯考查语法与词义辨析试题在逐步减少。
第三,近年来更注重对实词的考查,淡化语法的考查。
二、完形填空答题策略
学生在做完形填空时,要把握作者的意图,切忌人为设定框架,将个人观点与臆断代入文章中。第一遍通读时,一定要把握文章的线索,按照故事发展的线索合理地预判;第二遍阅读时,结合文章线索和所给的四个选项的词意来对号入座。下面是笔者针对完形填空的应对策略——找提示。
第一,连词是最好的提示。常见有并列连词和从属连词。并列连词的重要性远大于从属连词,如关键词but,and,or,so等。下面是2014年全国Ⅱ卷的完形填空节选:
Example 1
Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains. They reached the top __21__, but on their way back conditions were very __22__. Joe fell and broke his leg. They both know that if Simon __23__ alone, he would probably get back __24__. But Simon decided to risk his __25__ and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope(绳).
21.A. hurriedly B. carefully C. successfully D. early
22.A difficult B. similar C. special D. normal
23.A. climbed B. worked C. rested D. continued
24.A. unwillingly B. safely C. slowly D. regretfully
25.A. fortune B. time C. health D. life
通過阅读这段文章,首先可以看出Joe和 Simon 爬上了山顶,而连词but 转折及后面的提示词fell and broke his leg,可以判断出下山的路是很艰难的,所以答案21、22题是C和A。其次关键词alone和get back就可以判断出23和24题答案C和D; 连词but、and 和 risk one’s life ,故25题 答案是D。
由此可以看出连词 but, along, and 等在阅读完形填空时的重要性,它可以帮助我们理清文章的脉络,提高答题的准确率。
第二,最近与最远的提示。最近的提示可能就是上一个词或下一下词,上一句话或下一句话;最远的提示也不能脱离文章。下面是2015年全国1卷的一篇完形填空。
Example 2 (最近的提示)
My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “__41__ my job. Family to Feed.”…My 10-year-old noticed him and make a __43__ on how bad it must be to have to stand in the cold wind.
41.A. Lost B. Changed C. Quit D. Finished
43.A. suggestion B. comment C. decision D. call
根据看到纸上写的内容“Family to feed”,可以判断此人丢失了工作,短语lose one’s job失业,故41题选A。而“how bad it must be to have to stand in the cold wind”,这是一种评论,make a comment on…发表看法,所以答案是B。这两个关键的提示句都是紧邻选空,帮助我们分析判断选项。
Example 3(最远的提示) Then my 17-year-old son suggested giving him a __47__. I thought about it. We were __48__ on cash ourselves, but ... well, sometimes __49__ from our need instead of our abundance is just what we need to do!...
When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for ... he burst into tears.
47.A. dollar B. job C. hot meal D. gift card
48.A. easy B. low C. soft D. loose
49.A. giving B. saving C. spending D. begging
47题,到底给了什么,我们看到最后一段,远处的提示:handed him the gift card就可以判断出答案是D。而48题通过 on cash 和 from our need instead of our abundance,可以看出他们的钱不但没有富余的,而且很少。形容价格的高和低,常常用high和low,故48题选B,49题只能选A。
第三,把握文章走向与故事发展脉络。下面是2019年兰州市高考一诊完形填空试题节选,也是错误率较高的部分。
Example 4
The reply of the __26__ was “suck it up”(不要抱怨). The truth is that the complaining campers were __27__ near the point of __28__. If they had been, the teachers would have noticed the __29__ and give them care.
26.A. parents B. teachers C. guides D. partners
27.A. somewhere B. anywhere
C. nowhere D. everywhere
28.A. camp B. exhaustion
C. mountain D. destination
29.A. signs B. activities C. gestures D. scenes
25題之前讲的是抱怨事情的出现,由“teachers would have noticed”,可以判断26题选B;通过if引导的虚拟语气句意,可以推出身体还没有达到筋疲力尽的程度或迹象,所以27题选C,28题选B,29题选A。这道题就是完全顺着文章的走向和故事发展的脉络理解。所以在做完形填空时,遇到问题不要紧张,一点点找出线索,并将线索串联,文章就会慢慢理解,答案也就逐渐找出。
第四,见到名词与动词——考虑主谓,动宾关系。下面是2019年兰州市高考一诊试题节选。
Example 5
Instead, if you determine to master your own __39__, to move past it and focus on a solution, it’s my experience that you will realize it wasn’t bad in the first place.
39.A. life B. mind C. suffering D. mistake
动词master和move past 的宾语是同一个词,跨过的只能是苦难,故答案是C。
以上就是笔者的几点经验之谈,如何做好完形填空,先决条件,还是要有充实的词汇储备,不能仅限于近义词,易混词,动词短语,介词短语等的了解和掌握,还要学会基本句法知识,以文章为载体,吃透理解语篇等,做到逢山开路,遇水搭桥,见招拆招,就可以实现高分的梦想。
作者简介:
谷小云(1967年9月-),女,汉族,陕西省武功县人,大学本科,高级教师,主要从事英语教学和现代教育技术方面工作。
【关键词】完形填空 考查趋势 应对策略 找提示
【中图分类号】G633.41 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-3089(2019)51-0099-01
完形填空是高中英语试卷中综合性最强的题型,对词义的辨析、语篇的理解等有很高要求。完形填空主要从两个维度来考查学生,一是学生的思辨能力和理解能力,二是学生对词汇的运用能力。学生通过理性思考、恰当的技巧和方法,就可以在试卷上获得满意的结果。下面是笔者的一些经验习得。
一、完形填空考查趋势
第一,以夹叙夹议的文章为主。
第二,注重文章逻辑性与完整性,单纯考查语法与词义辨析试题在逐步减少。
第三,近年来更注重对实词的考查,淡化语法的考查。
二、完形填空答题策略
学生在做完形填空时,要把握作者的意图,切忌人为设定框架,将个人观点与臆断代入文章中。第一遍通读时,一定要把握文章的线索,按照故事发展的线索合理地预判;第二遍阅读时,结合文章线索和所给的四个选项的词意来对号入座。下面是笔者针对完形填空的应对策略——找提示。
第一,连词是最好的提示。常见有并列连词和从属连词。并列连词的重要性远大于从属连词,如关键词but,and,or,so等。下面是2014年全国Ⅱ卷的完形填空节选:
Example 1
Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains. They reached the top __21__, but on their way back conditions were very __22__. Joe fell and broke his leg. They both know that if Simon __23__ alone, he would probably get back __24__. But Simon decided to risk his __25__ and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope(绳).
21.A. hurriedly B. carefully C. successfully D. early
22.A difficult B. similar C. special D. normal
23.A. climbed B. worked C. rested D. continued
24.A. unwillingly B. safely C. slowly D. regretfully
25.A. fortune B. time C. health D. life
通過阅读这段文章,首先可以看出Joe和 Simon 爬上了山顶,而连词but 转折及后面的提示词fell and broke his leg,可以判断出下山的路是很艰难的,所以答案21、22题是C和A。其次关键词alone和get back就可以判断出23和24题答案C和D; 连词but、and 和 risk one’s life ,故25题 答案是D。
由此可以看出连词 but, along, and 等在阅读完形填空时的重要性,它可以帮助我们理清文章的脉络,提高答题的准确率。
第二,最近与最远的提示。最近的提示可能就是上一个词或下一下词,上一句话或下一句话;最远的提示也不能脱离文章。下面是2015年全国1卷的一篇完形填空。
Example 2 (最近的提示)
My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “__41__ my job. Family to Feed.”…My 10-year-old noticed him and make a __43__ on how bad it must be to have to stand in the cold wind.
41.A. Lost B. Changed C. Quit D. Finished
43.A. suggestion B. comment C. decision D. call
根据看到纸上写的内容“Family to feed”,可以判断此人丢失了工作,短语lose one’s job失业,故41题选A。而“how bad it must be to have to stand in the cold wind”,这是一种评论,make a comment on…发表看法,所以答案是B。这两个关键的提示句都是紧邻选空,帮助我们分析判断选项。
Example 3(最远的提示) Then my 17-year-old son suggested giving him a __47__. I thought about it. We were __48__ on cash ourselves, but ... well, sometimes __49__ from our need instead of our abundance is just what we need to do!...
When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for ... he burst into tears.
47.A. dollar B. job C. hot meal D. gift card
48.A. easy B. low C. soft D. loose
49.A. giving B. saving C. spending D. begging
47题,到底给了什么,我们看到最后一段,远处的提示:handed him the gift card就可以判断出答案是D。而48题通过 on cash 和 from our need instead of our abundance,可以看出他们的钱不但没有富余的,而且很少。形容价格的高和低,常常用high和low,故48题选B,49题只能选A。
第三,把握文章走向与故事发展脉络。下面是2019年兰州市高考一诊完形填空试题节选,也是错误率较高的部分。
Example 4
The reply of the __26__ was “suck it up”(不要抱怨). The truth is that the complaining campers were __27__ near the point of __28__. If they had been, the teachers would have noticed the __29__ and give them care.
26.A. parents B. teachers C. guides D. partners
27.A. somewhere B. anywhere
C. nowhere D. everywhere
28.A. camp B. exhaustion
C. mountain D. destination
29.A. signs B. activities C. gestures D. scenes
25題之前讲的是抱怨事情的出现,由“teachers would have noticed”,可以判断26题选B;通过if引导的虚拟语气句意,可以推出身体还没有达到筋疲力尽的程度或迹象,所以27题选C,28题选B,29题选A。这道题就是完全顺着文章的走向和故事发展的脉络理解。所以在做完形填空时,遇到问题不要紧张,一点点找出线索,并将线索串联,文章就会慢慢理解,答案也就逐渐找出。
第四,见到名词与动词——考虑主谓,动宾关系。下面是2019年兰州市高考一诊试题节选。
Example 5
Instead, if you determine to master your own __39__, to move past it and focus on a solution, it’s my experience that you will realize it wasn’t bad in the first place.
39.A. life B. mind C. suffering D. mistake
动词master和move past 的宾语是同一个词,跨过的只能是苦难,故答案是C。
以上就是笔者的几点经验之谈,如何做好完形填空,先决条件,还是要有充实的词汇储备,不能仅限于近义词,易混词,动词短语,介词短语等的了解和掌握,还要学会基本句法知识,以文章为载体,吃透理解语篇等,做到逢山开路,遇水搭桥,见招拆招,就可以实现高分的梦想。
作者简介:
谷小云(1967年9月-),女,汉族,陕西省武功县人,大学本科,高级教师,主要从事英语教学和现代教育技术方面工作。