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对45个玉米杂交种的8个穗部性状指标与产量之间的关系进行综合分析,结果表明:单株粒重和千粒重与产量之间呈显著正相关。各穗部性状对产量的直接贡献依次为:单株粒重、行粒数、穗长、千粒重、秃尖长、出子率、穗行数、穗粗。单株粒重对产量的直接效应最大。行粒数在直接对产量负向效应中表现最高,行粒数、千粒重、穗行数和穗粗都是通过单株粒重间接对产量产生影响。聚类分析结果表明,第3类单株粒重较高,其他穗部性状之间较协调,产量表现最高。综上所述,旱地条件下,选择高产玉米品种应该首先关注品种的单株生产能力,在此基础上兼顾行粒数、千粒重、穗行数和穗粗等性状。
A comprehensive analysis was made on the relationship between 8 panicle traits and yield of 45 maize hybrids. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between individual grain weight and 1000-grain weight and grain yield. The direct contribution of each panicle trait to yield was as follows: grain weight per plant, grain number per line, spike length, grain weight per spike, bald tip length, seed yield, ear number, ear diameter. The direct effect of grain weight on yield was greatest. The line number of grains had the highest performance in the direct negative effect on grain yield. The number of grain per line, grain weight per thousand, number of ear rows and ear diameter all influenced the grain yield indirectly through grain weight per plant. The results of cluster analysis indicated that the grain weight of the third plant was higher, the other ear traits were more coordinated and the yield was the highest. In summary, dryland conditions, the choice of high-yielding maize varieties should first focus on the species per plant capacity, based on this line of grain, grain weight, ear number and ear diameter and other traits.