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人类对于原子的认识经历了三个时期古希腊哲学思辨的原子本体论、近代的原子微粒说以及现代的原子结构论。人们对认识原子所采用的思维与研究方法是随着历史的发展而变化的。本文通过原子理论演变过程中科学思维和研究方法的特点研究,揭示了哲学思辨方法是探索未知世界的重要途径;科学实验是科学理论发展的动力和源泉;数学方法是从定性研究走向定量研究的重要工具和手段;辩证思维方法是现代科学研究的思想路线。
Human cognition of the atom has experienced the atomic ontology of ancient Greek philosophical speculation in three periods, the atomistic particle theory of modern times and the modern atomic structure theory. People’s thinking and research methods used to recognize atoms change with the development of history. Through the study of the characteristics of scientific thinking and research methods during the evolution of atomic theory, this article reveals that philosophical thinking is an important way to explore the unknown world. Scientific experiments are the motivation and source of the development of scientific theories. Mathematical methods are from qualitative research to quantitative research Important tools and means; dialectical thinking method is the ideological line of modern scientific research.