随着人们环境意识的不断强化,国际贸易与环保之间矛盾与协调的问题日益突出。国际贸易对环境既有正面影响也有负面影响。对于大多数行业来讲,贸易的直接影响很小,主要原因是只有很少部分贸易对象为环境的敏感产品。但是贸易还通过影响全球商品价格和市场状况间接地影响环境。许多环境问题之所以产生,是因以市场未能反映商品和服务、生产与消费中的环境成本,即国际贸易有缺陷,不能正确估价和分配环境资源,不能将环境成本内部化于产品和劳务价格中,造成市场失灵,而如果个别国家所采取的环境政策、贸易政策及其它政策不当,不仅不能纠正市场失灵,甚至反而造成或加剧市场失灵。为了减少与贸易有关的环境影 With the continuous strengthening of people’s environmental awareness, the issue of contradiction and coordination between international trade and environmental protection has become increasingly prominent. International trade has both positive and negative effects on the environment. For most industries, the direct impact of trade is small, mainly because only a small part of the trade is environmentally sensitive products. But trade also indirectly affects the environment by affecting global commodity prices and market conditions. Many environmental problems have arisen because the market has failed to reflect the environmental costs of goods and services, production and consumption, that is, there are defects in international trade, the environmental resources cannot be properly valued and allocated, and environmental costs cannot be internalized into products and services. In the price, it causes market failure, and if individual countries adopt inappropriate environmental policies, trade policies, and other policies, they cannot only correct market failures, but even cause or exacerbate market failures. To reduce trade-related environmental impacts